Evaluation of Plastic Deformation Considering the Phase-Mismatching Phenomenon of Nonlinear Lamb Wave Mixing.

Nonlinear guided elastic waves have attracted extensive attention owing to their high sensitivity to microstructural changes. However, based on the widely used second harmonics, third harmonics and static components, it is still difficult to locate the micro-defects. Perhaps the nonlinear mixing of guided waves can solve these problems since their modes, frequencies and propagation direction can be flexibly selected. Note that the phenomena of phase mismatching usually occur due to the lack of precise acoustic properties for the measured samples, and they may affect the energy transmission from the fundamental waves to second-order harmonics as well as reduce the sensitivity to micro-damage. Therefore, these phenomena are systematically investigated to more accurately assessing the microstructural changes. It is theoretically, numerically, and experimentally found that the cumulative effect of difference- or sum-frequency components will be broken by the phase mismatching, accompanied by the appearance of the beat effect. Meanwhile, their spatial periodicity is inversely proportional to the wavenumber difference between fundamental waves and difference- or sum-frequency components. The sensitivity to micro-damage is compared between two typical mode triplets that approximately and exactly meet the resonance conditions, and the better one is utilized for assessing the accumulated plastic deformations in the thin plates.