Carbonneau Noémie, Carbonneau Élise, Dumas Audrée-Anne, Lavigne Geneviève, Guimond Fanny-Alexandra
Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
Centre de recherche, Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Université Laval, G1V 0A6, Québec, QC, Canada.
Appetite. 2023 Jun 1;185:106514. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106514. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Based on the Self-Determination Theory, this study examined: 1) how mothers' autonomous and controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors relate to their food parenting practices, and 2) whether and how child food responsiveness (i.e., reactivity and attraction to food) interact with mothers' motivation to predict maternal food parenting practices. Participants were 296 French Canadian mothers of at least one child aged between 2 and 8 years old. Results of partial correlation analyses (controlling for demographics and controlled motivation) showed that maternal autonomous motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors was positively related to autonomy-promoting (i.e., child involvement) and structure-based (i.e., modeling, creating a healthy environment, monitoring) food parenting practices. In contrast, controlling for demographics and autonomous motivation, maternal controlled motivation was positively associated with food-related practices based on coercive control (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions, the use of food as a reward, pressure to eat, restriction for weight reasons, and restriction for health reasons). Furthermore, the child's food responsiveness was found to interact with mothers' motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors in the prediction of maternal food parenting practices such that mothers with high autonomous motivation or low controlled motivation were found to react with more structure-based (i.e., creating a healthy environment) and autonomy-based (i.e., child involvement) practices, as well as less controlling practices (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions), to a child who is highly responsive to food. In conclusion, findings suggest that guiding mothers toward developing a more autonomous and less controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors might help them adopt more autonomy-promoting and structure-based and less controlling feeding practices, especially with children who are highly responsive to food.
基于自我决定理论，本研究考察了：1）母亲调节自身饮食行为的自主动机和受控动机如何与她们的食物养育方式相关；2）儿童对食物的反应性（即对食物的反应和吸引力）是否以及如何与母亲的动机相互作用，以预测母亲的食物养育方式。参与者为296名法裔加拿大母亲，她们至少有一个年龄在2至8岁之间的孩子。偏相关分析结果（控制人口统计学因素和受控动机）表明，母亲调节自身饮食行为的自主动机与促进自主性（即儿童参与）和基于结构（即示范、营造健康环境、监督）的食物养育方式呈正相关。相比之下，在控制人口统计学因素和自主动机的情况下，母亲的受控动机与基于强制控制的食物相关养育方式（即利用食物调节孩子情绪、用食物作为奖励、强迫进食、因体重原因限制饮食以及因健康原因限制饮食）呈正相关。此外，研究发现儿童对食物的反应性与母亲调节自身饮食行为的动机在预测母亲的食物养育方式时存在相互作用，即自主动机高或受控动机低的母亲，面对对食物反应强烈的孩子时，会采用更多基于结构（即营造健康环境）和基于自主性（即儿童参与）的养育方式，以及更少的控制性养育方式（即利用食物调节孩子情绪）。总之，研究结果表明，引导母亲培养更自主、更少受控的调节自身饮食行为的动机，可能有助于她们采用更多促进自主性和基于结构的养育方式，以及更少控制性的喂养方式，尤其是对于那些对食物反应强烈的孩子。
