Koenemann Daniel M, Kistler Logan, Burke Janelle M
Claflin University, Department of Biology, 400 Magnolia Street, Orangeburg, SC 29115, USA.
National Museum of Natural History, Anthropology Department, 10th Street & Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2023 May;182:107755. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107755. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
The genus Rumex L. (Polygonaceae) provides a unique system for investigating the evolutionary development of sex determination and molecular rate evolution. Historically, Rumex has been divided, both taxonomically and colloquially into two groups: 'docks' and 'sorrels'. A well-resolved phylogeny can help evaluate a genetic basis for this division. Here we present a plastome phylogeny for 34 species of Rumex, inferred using maximum likelihood criteria. The historical 'docks' (Rumex subgenus Rumex) were resolved as monophyletic. The historical 'sorrels' (Rumex subgenera Acetosa and Acetosella) were resolved together, though not monophyletic due to the inclusion of R. bucephalophorus (Rumex subgenus Platypodium). Emex is supported as its own subgenus within Rumex, instead of resolved as sister taxa. We found remarkably low nucleotide diversity among the docks, consistent with recent diversification in that group, especially as compared to the sorrels. Fossil calibration of the phylogeny suggested that the common ancestor for Rumex (including Emex) has origins in the lower Miocene (22.13 MYA). The sorrels appear to have subsequently diversified at a relatively constant rate. The origin of the docks, however, was placed in the upper Miocene, but with most speciation occurring in the Plio-Pleistocene.
酸模属（蓼科）为研究性别决定的进化发展和分子速率进化提供了一个独特的系统。从历史上看，酸模在分类学和通俗意义上都被分为两组：“ dock”和“ sorrel”。一个解析良好的系统发育树有助于评估这种分类的遗传基础。在此，我们展示了基于最大似然标准推断的34种酸模的质体基因组系统发育树。历史上的“ dock”（酸模亚属酸模）被解析为单系类群。历史上的“ sorrel”（酸模亚属酸模叶蓼和小酸模）被归为一类，不过由于包含了头状酸模（酸模亚属扁柄酸模），并非单系类群。刺酸模属被支持作为酸模属内的一个独立亚属，而不是被解析为姐妹分类单元。我们发现“ dock”类群中的核苷酸多样性极低，这与该类群最近的多样化一致，尤其是与“ sorrel”类群相比。系统发育树的化石校准表明，酸模属（包括刺酸模属）的共同祖先起源于中新世早期（2213万年前）。“ sorrel”类群随后似乎以相对恒定的速率多样化。然而，“ dock”类群的起源被置于中新世晚期，但大多数物种形成发生在上新世 - 更新世。
