Jeyavani Jeyaraj, Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
Environ Pollut. 2023 May 15;325:121427. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121427. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
In the past few years, microplastics are one of the ubiquitous threatening pollutants in aquatic habitats. These persistent microplastics interact with other pollutants, especially nanoparticles were adherent on the surface, which causes potential hazards in the biota. In this study, the toxic effects of individual and combined (28 days) exposure with zinc oxide nanoparticles and polypropylene microplastics were assessed in freshwater snail Pomeacea paludosa. After the experiment, the toxic effect was evaluated by the estimation of vital biomarkers activities including antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), oxidative stress in carbonyl protein (CP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and digestive enzymes (esterase and alkaline phosphatase). Chronic exposure to pollutants in snails causes increased reactive oxygen species level (ROS) and generates free radicals in their body which leads to impairment and alterations of biochemical markers. Where alteration in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and decreased digestive enzymes (esterase and alkaline phosphatase) activities were observed in both individual and combined exposed groups. Further, histology results revealed the reduction of haemocyte cells, the disintegration of blood vessels, digestive cells, calcium cells, and DNA damage was also detected in the treated animals. Overall, when compared to individual exposures, combined exposure of pollutants (zinc oxide nanoparticles and polypropylene microplastics) causes more serious harms including decline and increased antioxidant enzyme parameters, damage the protein and lipids by oxidative stress, increased neurotransmitter activity, decrease digestive enzyme activities in the freshwater snail. The outcome of this study concluded that polypropylene microplastics along with nanoparticles cause severe ecological threats and physio-chemical effects on the freshwater ecosystem.
在过去几年中，微塑料是水生栖息地中普遍存在的威胁性污染物之一。这些持久性微塑料与其他污染物相互作用，尤其是附着在其表面的纳米颗粒，这对生物群造成了潜在危害。在本研究中，评估了淡水螺福寿螺单独和联合（28天）暴露于氧化锌纳米颗粒和聚丙烯微塑料的毒性效应。实验结束后，通过评估包括抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST））、羰基蛋白氧化应激（CP）、脂质过氧化（LPO）以及消化酶（酯酶和碱性磷酸酶）在内的重要生物标志物活性来评估毒性效应。蜗牛长期暴露于污染物会导致其体内活性氧水平（ROS）升高并产生自由基，进而导致生化标志物受损和改变。在单独暴露组和联合暴露组中均观察到乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性改变以及消化酶（酯酶和碱性磷酸酶）活性降低。此外，组织学结果显示血细胞数量减少，血管、消化细胞、钙细胞解体，并且在处理过的动物中还检测到了DNA损伤。总体而言，与单独暴露相比，污染物（氧化锌纳米颗粒和聚丙烯微塑料）的联合暴露对淡水螺造成了更严重的危害，包括抗氧化酶参数下降和升高、通过氧化应激损害蛋白质和脂质、神经递质活性增加以及消化酶活性降低。本研究结果表明，聚丙烯微塑料与纳米颗粒一起对淡水生态系统造成了严重的生态威胁和理化影响。
