Al-Khateeb Tawfik, Al-Haidari Sami, Butcher Robert, Rajamani Anusha, Mahdy Mohammed Abdu Khalid, Jimenez Cristina, Dejene Michael, Boyd Sarah, Bakhtiari Ana, Solomon Anthony W, Thabit Adnan, Harding-Esch Emma M, Al-Shami Rasheed
Prevention of Blindness Program, Ministry of Public Health & Population, Sana'a, Yemen.
Neglected Tropical Diseases Directorate Ministry of Public Health & Population, Sana'a, Yemen.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2024 Dec;31(6):509-517. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2180805. Epub 2023 Mar 13.
In baseline trachoma prevalence surveys, six districts in two governorates of Yemen were identified as requiring interventions. We set out to estimate the prevalence of trachoma 6-12 months after one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) and implementation of measures to encourage facial cleanliness.
A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each of the four evaluation units in October 2019. Contemporary World Health Organization recommendations for trachoma surveys were followed. Participants were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling process. The prevalence of inflammatory and late-stage trachoma was measured through eye examination. Water, sanitation, and hygiene facility access among visited households was estimated.
The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-,follicular (TF) in 1-9-year-olds per EU was <5.0% in three EUs (Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, and As Salif; Az Zaydiyah; and Mudhaykhirah districts) and 5.0-9.9% in one EU (Far Al Udayn District). The prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds per EU was <0.2% in all four EUs. Per EU, the proportion of households with an improved drinking water source ranged from 40% to 100%; access to an improved drinking water source within 30-minute return journey of the household ranged from 45% to 100%; and with an improved latrine ranged from 32% to 83%.
An additional round of antibiotic MDA should be administered in Far Al Udayn district before it is resurveyed. In the other surveyed districts, pre-validation surveillance surveys should be conducted in 2 years' time to determine if the TF prevalence <5% has been maintained.
在基线沙眼患病率调查中，也门两个省的六个区被确定需要进行干预。我们着手估计在一轮抗生素群体给药（MDA）以及实施鼓励面部清洁措施6至12个月后沙眼的患病率。
2019年10月在四个评估单位中的每个单位开展了一项基于人群的患病率调查。遵循了当代世界卫生组织关于沙眼调查的建议。采用两阶段整群抽样方法选取参与者。通过眼部检查测量炎症性和晚期沙眼的患病率。估计受访家庭获得水、环境卫生和个人卫生设施的情况。
在三个评估单位（Al Mighlaf、Al Munirah和As Salif；Az Zaydiyah；以及Mudhaykhirah区）中，每个评估单位1至9岁儿童沙眼性炎症 - 滤泡型（TF）的患病率<5.0%，在一个评估单位（Far Al Udayn区）为5.0 - 9.9%。在所有四个评估单位中，每个评估单位≥15岁人群中卫生系统未知的TT患病率<0.2%。每个评估单位中，拥有改善饮用水源的家庭比例在40%至100%之间；在家庭30分钟返程距离内可获得改善饮用水源的比例在45%至100%之间；拥有改善厕所的比例在32%至83%之间。
应在Far Al Udayn区再次调查之前再进行一轮抗生素MDA。在其他被调查地区，应在两年后进行预验证监测调查，以确定TF患病率<5%是否得以维持。
