Wahono N A, Wakeling L A, Dirks W, Banks D A, Shepherd T J, Ford D, Valentine R A
Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
School of Dental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Front Oral Health. 2023 Feb 24;4:1119086. doi: 10.3389/froh.2023.1119086. eCollection 2023.
We proposed that zinc (Zn) deposition in deciduous teeth would be a timed record of exposure to this essential micronutrient over very early life. We tested this hypothesis by gathering information on the maternal and child's diet during pregnancy and early infancy and measuring mineral deposition in the dentine at points during deciduous tooth development.
We developed a short food frequency questionnaire (S-FFQ) to record consumption of food containing Zn during pregnancy and over the first year of life of the child in an Indonesian population. Zn, Sr and Ca were measured by laser ablation ICP-MS in a series of points across the developmental timeline in deciduous teeth extracted from 18 children undergoing the process as part of dental treatment whose mothers completed the SFFQ. Mothers and children were classified into either high Zn or low Zn groups according to calculated daily Zn intake.
The Zn/Sr ratio in dentine deposited over late pregnancy and 0-3 months post-partum was higher ( < 0.001, 2-way ANOVA; < 0.05 by Holm-Sidak test) in the teeth of children of mothers classified as high Zn consumers ( = 10) than in children of mothers classified as low Zn consumers ( = 8).
The S-FFQ was validated internally as adequately accurate to measure zinc intake retrospectively during pregnancy and post-partum (∼7 years prior) by virtue of the correlation with measurements of zinc in deciduous teeth. The ratio of Zn/Sr in deciduous teeth appears to be a biomarker of exposure to zinc nutrition during early development and offers promise for use as a record of prior exposure along a timeline for research studies and, potentially, to identify individuals at heightened risk of detrimental impacts of poor early life zinc nutrition on health in later life and to implement preventative interventions.
我们提出乳牙中的锌（Zn）沉积将是生命早期接触这种必需微量营养素的一个定时记录。我们通过收集孕期和婴儿早期母婴饮食信息，并测量乳牙发育过程中各阶段牙本质中的矿物质沉积，来检验这一假设。
我们编制了一份简短的食物频率问卷（S-FFQ），以记录印度尼西亚人群中孕妇孕期及孩子出生后第一年含锌食物的摄入量。对18名因牙科治疗而拔除乳牙的儿童（其母亲完成了SFFQ）的乳牙发育各阶段的一系列位点，采用激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量锌、锶和钙含量。根据计算出的每日锌摄入量，将母亲和孩子分为高锌组或低锌组。
孕期晚期及产后0至3个月沉积在牙本质中的锌/锶比值，在被归类为高锌摄入的母亲的孩子（n = 10）的牙齿中，高于被归类为低锌摄入的母亲的孩子（n = 8）的牙齿（双向方差分析，P < 0.001；Holm-Sidak检验，P < 0.05）。
通过与乳牙中锌含量测量值的相关性，S-FFQ在内部得到验证，足以准确地回顾性测量孕期和产后（约7年前）的锌摄入量。乳牙中的锌/锶比值似乎是早期发育期间锌营养暴露的生物标志物，有望作为研究中沿时间线的既往暴露记录，并且有可能识别出早年锌营养状况不佳对晚年健康产生不利影响风险较高的个体，并实施预防性干预措施。
