Sinnott J M
Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
J Comp Psychol. 1987 Dec;101(4):355-66.
In a previous study I examined the abilities of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds trained with a go-right/go-left procedure to identify conspecific and alien song themes (Sinnott, 1980). Results showed that each bird species exhibited superior identification of conspecific final "trill" or "whistle" elements, relative to the alien species. The present study extends these results by examining human perception of these same song stimuli, by examining the effects of tutoring birds with alien final song elements, and by using latency analyses to investigate processing modes that are not apparent from analyses of percent-correct scores. Results suggest three different processing modes: First, humans attend primarily to the final song elements. Second, birds identifying alien songs attend primarily to the introductory elements and disregard information in the final elements. Third, birds identifying conspecific songs process both the initial and final elements, but their response latencies indicate that they direct their attention primarily to the initial elements and process the final elements without investing more time than do the alien birds that fixate on the initial elements. Conspecific special processing is discussed in relation to various psychophysical, ethological, and psycholinguistic frameworks. Human perception of birdsong is discussed in relation to backward recognition masking.
在之前的一项研究中，我考察了用向右/向左程序训练的红翅黑鹂和褐头牛鹂识别同种和异种歌曲主题的能力（辛诺特，1980）。结果表明，相对于异种，每种鸟类对同种最终的“颤音”或“啭鸣声”元素表现出更优的识别能力。本研究通过考察人类对这些相同歌曲刺激的感知、通过考察用异种最终歌曲元素对鸟类进行辅导的效果以及通过使用反应潜伏期分析来探究从正确率得分分析中不明显的处理模式，扩展了这些结果。结果表明有三种不同的处理模式：第一，人类主要关注歌曲的最终元素。第二，识别异种歌曲的鸟类主要关注开头元素，而忽略最终元素中的信息。第三，识别同种歌曲的鸟类会处理开头和最终元素，但它们的反应潜伏期表明，它们主要将注意力导向开头元素，并且处理最终元素时所花费的时间并不比专注于开头元素的异种鸟类更多。结合各种心理物理学、行为学和心理语言学框架讨论了同种特殊处理。结合向后识别掩蔽讨论了人类对鸟鸣的感知。
