Ye Zi-Han, Chen Hong-Song, Zhang Zhi-Cheng, Wang Xiao, Liu Xing, Wei Guang-Hui
Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Feb 23;11:1003037. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1003037. eCollection 2023.
Inconsistent relationships have been shown between cigarette smoking and hypospadias in offspring. The purpose of this study was to summarize epidemiological evidence to evaluate the relationship between parental smoking and the risk of hypospadias.
Up until October 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for qualified research. The summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model. There were subgroup analyses undertaken to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.
44 studies with 16,637,830 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, maternal active smoking [risk ratio (RR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.99; < 0.01] was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias. And neither paternal smoking (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.86-1.15) nor maternal passive smoking (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.60-1.23) was associated with the risk of hypospadias.
Our study discovered an association between maternal active smoking and a decreased risk of hypospadias, which may be due to the effect of smoking on androgen. However, as numerous studies have proved that cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of overall birth abnormalities in offspring, quitting cigarettes before pregnancy positively influences the health of offspring and should be advocated worldwide.
[www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022319378].
吸烟与后代尿道下裂之间的关系并不一致。本研究的目的是总结流行病学证据，以评估父母吸烟与尿道下裂风险之间的关系。
截至2022年10月，系统检索了PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆中的合格研究。采用固定效应模型或随机效应模型计算汇总相对风险（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）。进行亚组分析以确定异质性的潜在来源。
我们的荟萃分析纳入了44项研究，共16,637,830名参与者。总体而言，母亲主动吸烟[风险比（RR）=0.94；95%置信区间（CI）：0.90-0.99；P<0.01]与尿道下裂风险显著相关。而父亲吸烟（RR=1.00；95%CI：0.86-1.15）和母亲被动吸烟（RR=0.91；95%CI：0.60-1.23）均与尿道下裂风险无关。
我们的研究发现母亲主动吸烟与尿道下裂风险降低之间存在关联，这可能是由于吸烟对雄激素的影响。然而，正如众多研究证明的那样，孕期吸烟会增加后代总体出生异常的风险，孕前戒烟对后代健康有积极影响，应在全球范围内倡导。
