From the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
the Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023 Jun 1;76(6):822-829. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003756. Epub 2023 Mar 12.
Increased gut permeability and gut inflammation have been linked to the development of type 1 diabetes. Little is known on whether and how intake of different foods is linked to these mechanisms in infancy. We investigated whether the amount of breast milk and intake of other foods are associated with gut inflammation marker concentrations and permeability.
Seventy-three infants were followed from birth to 12 months of age. Their diet was assessed with structured questionnaires and 3-day weighed food records at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Gut permeability was assessed with the lactulose/mannitol test and fecal calprotectin and human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) concentrations were analyzed from stool samples at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The associations between foods and gut inflammation marker concentrations and permeability were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.
Gut permeability and gut inflammation marker concentrations decreased during the first year of life. Intake of hydrolyzed infant formula ( P = 0.003) and intake of fruits and juices ( P = 0.001) were associated with lower intestinal permeability. Intake of fruits and juices ( P < 0.001), vegetables ( P < 0.001), and oats ( P = 0.003) were associated with lower concentrations of HBD-2. Higher intake of breast milk was associated with higher fecal calprotectin concentrations ( P < 0.001), while intake of fruits and juices ( P < 0.001), vegetables ( P < 0.001), and potatoes ( P = 0.007) were associated with lower calprotectin concentrations.
Higher intake of breast milk may contribute to higher calprotectin concentration, whereas several complementary foods may decrease gut permeability and concentrations of calprotectin and HBD-2 in infant gut.
肠道通透性增加和肠道炎症与 1 型糖尿病的发展有关。关于婴儿时期不同食物的摄入与这些机制的关系，目前知之甚少。我们研究了母乳摄入量和其他食物的摄入量是否与肠道炎症标志物浓度和通透性有关。
73 名婴儿从出生到 12 个月大进行随访。在 3、6、9 和 12 个月时，使用结构化问卷和 3 天称重食物记录评估他们的饮食。在 3、6、9 和 12 个月时，通过乳果糖/甘露醇试验评估肠道通透性，并分析粪便样本中的粪便钙卫蛋白和人 β-防御素-2（HBD-2）浓度。使用广义估计方程分析食物与肠道炎症标志物浓度和通透性之间的关系。
婴儿生命的第一年，肠道通透性和肠道炎症标志物浓度降低。摄入水解配方奶粉（P=0.003）和水果汁（P=0.001）与较低的肠道通透性相关。摄入水果汁（P<0.001）、蔬菜（P<0.001）和燕麦（P=0.003）与 HBD-2 浓度较低相关。母乳喂养摄入量较高与粪便钙卫蛋白浓度较高相关（P<0.001），而摄入水果汁（P<0.001）、蔬菜（P<0.001）和土豆（P=0.007）与较低的钙卫蛋白浓度相关。
较高的母乳喂养摄入量可能导致粪便钙卫蛋白浓度较高，而几种补充食物可能降低婴儿肠道的通透性和粪便钙卫蛋白和 HBD-2 浓度。
