Hatakeyama S, Yasuno M
Environmental Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1987 Dec;14(3):191-207. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90062-5.
Chronic effects of Cd on the growth and reproduction of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) were studied using a food chain model, midge larvae as prey and guppy as predator. The transfer rate of Cd from the midge to the guppy was between 0.5 and 1% during the 30-day experiment. Growth rate of the guppy fed Cd-accumulated midge larvae (270 micrograms/g dry wt) for 30 days was not impaired. Cumulative numbers of fry produced by the guppy fed Cd-accumulated midge larvae (210 micrograms/g) for 2 months decreased to ca. 80% of the control. Guppies had been fed the Cd-accumulated midges from 30 days old for 7 months. Cumulative numbers of fry produced by the guppy fed midge larvae-accumulated 500, 800, and 1,300 micrograms Cd/g for 6 months decreased to 79, 65, and 55% of the control, respectively. Similar effects of Cd on the reproduction of guppy were shown between the guppies fed the Cd-accumulated midge larvae (500 micrograms Cd/g) and exposed to 10 or 20 micrograms Cd/liter for the 6 months. The Cd concentrations of the digestive tract, liver, and kidney increased strongly, indicating that such Cd accumulation was brought on mainly through the Cd-accumulated midges. Mortality of the female guppies fed larvae-accumulated 1,300 micrograms Cd/g increased abruptly from the 6 months of the experiment, whereas no male guppy died during the experiment.
利用食物链模型，以摇蚊幼虫为猎物、孔雀鱼为捕食者，研究了镉对孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）生长和繁殖的慢性影响。在为期30天的实验中，镉从摇蚊转移到孔雀鱼的转移率在0.5%至1%之间。喂食累积镉的摇蚊幼虫（270微克/克干重）30天的孔雀鱼生长率未受损害。喂食累积镉的摇蚊幼虫（210微克/克）2个月的孔雀鱼所产鱼苗的累积数量降至对照组的约80%。从30日龄开始，孔雀鱼喂食累积镉的摇蚊7个月。喂食累积500、800和1300微克镉/克的摇蚊幼虫6个月的孔雀鱼所产鱼苗的累积数量分别降至对照组的79%、65%和55%。在喂食累积镉的摇蚊幼虫（500微克镉/克）的孔雀鱼与暴露于10或20微克镉/升6个月的孔雀鱼之间，显示出镉对孔雀鱼繁殖的类似影响。消化道、肝脏和肾脏中的镉浓度大幅增加，表明这种镉积累主要是通过累积镉的摇蚊造成的。喂食累积1300微克镉/克幼虫的雌性孔雀鱼的死亡率从实验第6个月开始急剧上升，而在实验期间没有雄性孔雀鱼死亡。
