Kraal M H, Kraak M H, de Groot C J, Davids C
Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1995 Jul;31(2):179-83. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1995.1060.
The aim of this study was to assess whether contaminated prey can be a major source of Cd for fish. For this purpose, the uptake and tissue distribution of dietary and aqueous cadmium by the carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied. The fish were exposed to either Cd-contaminated food or Cd-contaminated water for 4 weeks in laboratory experiments. When exposed to contaminated food, the fish were kept in clean water and fed contaminated chironomid larvae, equilibrated with 99 micrograms Cd. liter-1. During exposure to contaminated water (nominal 100 micrograms Cd. liter-1; actual 80 micrograms Cd. liter-1) the fish were fed uncontaminated food. The Cd accumulation in the tissues of fish fed contaminated larvae was, in decreasing order, gut > kidney > liver = gill > muscle. In the water experiment this order was gut > gill > kidney > liver > muscle. In almost all tissues the Cd uptake was similar for both routes; only the gill had accumulated more Cd from Cd-contaminated water than from Cd-contaminated food. Considering the ongoing discussion of the importance of Cd transfer from contaminated food to predators, these findings suggest that uptake of Cd from Cd-contaminated prey by fish plays an important role in contaminated waters.
本研究的目的是评估受污染的猎物是否会成为鱼类镉的主要来源。为此，对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）膳食镉和水体镉的摄取及组织分布进行了研究。在实验室实验中，将鱼暴露于受镉污染的食物或受镉污染的水中4周。当暴露于受污染食物时，鱼饲养在清洁水中，并投喂用99微克镉平衡的受污染摇蚊幼虫。在暴露于受污染水（标称100微克镉/升；实际80微克镉/升）期间，鱼投喂未受污染的食物。投喂受污染幼虫的鱼组织中镉的积累量由高到低依次为：肠道＞肾脏＞肝脏 = 鳃＞肌肉。在水体实验中，这个顺序为：肠道＞鳃＞肾脏＞肝脏＞肌肉。在几乎所有组织中，两种途径的镉摄取量相似；只有鳃从受镉污染的水中积累的镉比从受镉污染的食物中积累的更多。考虑到目前关于镉从受污染食物转移到捕食者的重要性的讨论，这些发现表明，鱼类从受镉污染的猎物中摄取镉在受污染水体中起着重要作用。
