Khamanek Kanokwan, Khuntong Soontree, Saenboonruang Kiadtisak, Toyen Donruedee, Chantarot Chittranuch, Yongprawat Monthon, Saengkorakot Chakrit, Phattanasub Archara, Krisanangkura Piyawan, Hazama Ryuta, Rittirong Anawat, Sudprasert Wanwisa
Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Sriracha, Cholburi, 20230, Thailand.
J Environ Radioact. 2023 Jun;262:107151. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107151. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
Tritium, whether naturally occurring or caused by human nuclear activity, can result in a large amount of tritium contamination in the environment, especially in the water cycle, causing a high concentration of tritium in rainfall. The objective of this research was to measure the level of tritium in the environment from rainfall in two different areas as a basis for monitoring tritium contamination in the environment. Rainwater samples were collected in Thailand every 24 h for a period of 1 year during 2021-2022 at the Kasetsart University Station, Sriracha Campus, Chonburi province and at the Mae Hia Agricultural Meteorological Station, Chiang Mai province. The tritium levels were measured in rainwater samples using the electrolytic enrichment method combined with liquid scintillation counting. The chemical composition of the rainwater was analyzed based on ion chromatography. The results (presented with ± combined uncertainty) showed that the tritium content in the rainwater samples at Kasetsart University Station Sriracha Campus was in the range 0.9 ± 0.2-1.6 ± 0.3 TU (0.11 ± 0.02-0.19 ± 0.03 Bq.L). The mean concentration was 1.0 ± 0.2 TU (0.12 ± 0.03 Bq.L). The most common ions found in the rainwater samples were SO, Ca, and NO, with mean concentrations of 1.52 ± 0.82, 1.08 ± 0.51, and 1.05 ± 0.78 mg.L, respectively. The tritium content in rainwater collected from the Mae Hia Agricultural Meteorological Station was in the range 1.6 ± 0.2-4.9 ± 0.4 TU (0.19 ± 0.02-0.58 ± 0.05 Bq.L). The mean concentration was 2.4 ± 0.4 TU (0.28 ± 0.05 Bq.L). The most common ions found in the rainwater were NO, Ca, and SO, with mean concentrations of 1.21 ± 1.02, 0.67 ± 0.43, and 0.54 ± 0.41 mg.L, respectively. The tritium concentration in the rainwater at both stations differed but remained at a natural level (less than 10 TU). There was no correlation between the tritium concentration and the chemical composition of the rainwater. The tritium levels obtained from this study could be used as a basis for reference and monitoring of future environmental changes due to nuclear accidents or activities, both domestically and internationally.
氚，无论是天然存在的还是由人类核活动产生的，都会在环境中造成大量的氚污染，尤其是在水循环中，导致降雨中的氚浓度升高。本研究的目的是测量两个不同地区降雨中的环境氚水平，作为监测环境中氚污染的依据。2021年至2022年期间，在春武里府诗纳卡宁威洛大学斯里拉差校区的农业大学站和清迈府湄夏农业气象站，每24小时采集一次泰国的雨水样本，为期1年。采用电解富集法结合液体闪烁计数法测量雨水样本中的氚水平。基于离子色谱法分析雨水的化学成分。结果（以±合成不确定度表示）表明，诗纳卡宁威洛大学斯里拉差校区农业大学站雨水样本中的氚含量在0.9±0.2 - 1.6±0.3 TU（0.11±0.02 - 0.19±0.03 Bq.L）范围内。平均浓度为1.0±0.2 TU（0.12±0.03 Bq.L）。雨水样本中最常见的离子是SO、Ca和NO，平均浓度分别为1.52±0.82、1.08±0.51和1.05±0.78 mg.L。从湄夏农业气象站采集的雨水中的氚含量在1.6±0.2 - 4.9±0.4 TU（0.19±0.02 - 0.58±0.05 Bq.L）范围内。平均浓度为2.4±0.4 TU（0.28±0.05 Bq.L）。雨水中最常见的离子是NO、Ca和SO，平均浓度分别为1.21±1.02、0.67±0.43和0.54±0.41 mg.L。两个站点雨水中的氚浓度有所不同，但仍处于自然水平（低于10 TU）。氚浓度与雨水的化学成分之间没有相关性。本研究获得的氚水平可作为国内外因核事故或核活动导致未来环境变化的参考和监测依据。
