Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,PA.
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Mar 18;261(S1):S122-S129. doi: 10.2460/javma.22.12.0557. Print 2023 Jun 1.
As the primary agents of skin and soft tissue infections in animals, Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the most formidable bacterial pathogens encountered by veterinarians. Staphylococci are commensal inhabitants of the surfaces of healthy skin and mucous membranes, which may gain access to deeper cutaneous tissues by circumventing the stratum corneum's barrier function. Compromised barrier function occurs in highly prevalent conditions such as atopic dermatitis, endocrinopathies, and skin trauma. P aeruginosa is an environmental saprophyte that constitutively expresses virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes that promote its success as an animal pathogen. For both organisms, infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, joints, central nervous system, and body cavities may occur through ascension along epithelial tracts, penetrating injuries, or hematogenous spread. When treating infections caused by these pathogens, veterinarians now face greater therapeutic challenges and more guarded outcomes for our animal patients because of high rates of predisposing factors for infection and the broad dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes within these bacterial species. This review considers the history of the rise and expansion of multidrug resistance in staphylococci and P aeruginosa and the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiologic factors that underly the dissemination of these pathogens across companion animal populations. Given the potential for cross-species and zoonotic transmission of pathogenic strains of these bacteria, and the clear role played by environmental reservoirs and fomites, a one-health perspective is emphasized.
作为动物皮肤和软组织感染的主要病原体，葡萄球菌属和铜绿假单胞菌是兽医最常遇到的最具威胁性的细菌病原体之一。葡萄球菌是健康皮肤和黏膜表面的共生居民，它们可以通过绕过角质层的屏障功能进入更深的皮肤组织。在特应性皮炎、内分泌疾病和皮肤创伤等高发情况下，屏障功能会受损。铜绿假单胞菌是一种环境腐生物，它持续表达毒力和抗菌药物耐药基因，使其成为动物病原体的成功因素。对于这两种生物体，尿路感染、呼吸道感染、关节感染、中枢神经系统感染和体腔感染都可能通过沿着上皮道上升、穿透损伤或血源性传播而发生。当治疗这些病原体引起的感染时，由于感染的诱发因素和这些细菌种内抗菌药物耐药基因的广泛传播，兽医现在面临更大的治疗挑战和对动物患者预后更谨慎的结果。本综述考虑了葡萄球菌属和铜绿假单胞菌属中多药耐药性的兴起和扩张的历史，以及目前关于这些病原体在伴侣动物群体中传播的流行病学因素的知识现状。鉴于这些细菌的致病性菌株具有跨物种和人畜共患传播的潜力，以及环境储库和媒介物所起的明确作用，强调了一种大健康视角。
