State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Mar 28;57(12):4732-4740. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07711. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is widely used as a refrigerant to replace dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and a small amount of it is used in the foam and medical aerosol sectors, with a high global warming potential and fast-increasing atmospheric concentration. The emission of HFC-134a in China has been growing at an average annual growth rate of 14.4% since 2009, reaching 53.0 (47.5-58.7) kt yr in 2020. Among the five emission sources, emissions from the mobile air conditioning (MAC) sector accounted for the highest proportion of 65% on average of the total, followed by the commercial air conditioning (CAC) sector (25%), the medical aerosols sector (8%), the foam sector (2%), and leakage emission from the production (less than 0.1%). The emissions of HFC-134a in four cities in China (Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Lanzhou) were also estimated and discussed. Beijing had the highest HFC-134a emission of 2.2 kt yr in 2020, and Lanzhou had the lowest emission of only 0.2 kt yr. In Beijing and Guangzhou, emissions from the CAC sector surpassed those from the MAC sector, becoming the most important source of HFC-134a. The average annual growth rate of HFC-134a's emissions during 2009-2019 was close to its concentration enhancement growth rate of 12.7%, and the emissions also showed significant correlations with the concentration enhancements in both China and four cities. This indicates the importance of the muti-city and long-term observations for the verification of HFC-134a's emission estimates at a regional scale.
1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HFC-134a）被广泛用作制冷剂来替代二氯二氟甲烷（CFC-12），其少量用于泡沫和医疗气溶胶领域，具有较高的全球变暖潜能值和快速增加的大气浓度。自 2009 年以来，中国 HFC-134a 的排放量以每年 14.4%的平均增长率增长，到 2020 年达到 53.0（47.5-58.7）kt yr。在五个排放源中，移动空调（MAC）部门的排放量平均占总排放量的 65%，居首位，其次是商业空调（CAC）部门（25%）、医疗气溶胶部门（8%）、泡沫部门（2%）和生产泄漏排放（不足 0.1%）。还对中国四个城市（北京、广州、杭州和兰州）的 HFC-134a 排放量进行了估算和讨论。2020 年北京的 HFC-134a 排放量最高，为 2.2 kt yr，兰州的排放量最低，仅为 0.2 kt yr。在北京和广州，CAC 部门的排放量超过了 MAC 部门，成为 HFC-134a 的最重要排放源。2009-2019 年期间，HFC-134a 排放量的年平均增长率接近其浓度增强增长率的 12.7%，排放量与中国和四个城市的浓度增强也呈显著相关。这表明多城市和长期观测对于验证区域尺度 HFC-134a 排放估算具有重要意义。
