Roth A C, Herkert G E, Bercz J P, Smith M K
Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Nov;9(4):668-77. doi: 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90173-4.
Sodium nitrite administered in the drinking water to Long-Evans rats during pregnancy and lactation severely affected erythropoietic development, growth, and mortality in their offspring. Pregnant rats were maintained throughout gestation on 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 g NaNO2/liter. There were no significant differences between treated and control litters at birth. Thereafter, pups of treated dams on 2 and 3 g NaNO2/liter gained less weight, progressively became severely anemic, and began to die by the third week postpartum. By the second week postpartum, hemoglobin levels, RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volumes of these pups were all drastically reduced compared to controls. Blood smears showed marked anisocytosis and hypochromasia. Gross chylous serum lipemia and fatty liver degeneration were noted. Histopathology demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolization of centrilobular hepatocytes and decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. Administration of 1 g NaNO2/liter resulted in hematological effects but did not affect growth or mortality. NaNO2 (0.5 g/liter) was at or near the no observed effect level. Cross-fostering indicated that treatment during the lactational period was more instrumental in producing lesions than treatment during the gestational period. The data presented are consistent with the lactational induction of severe iron deficiency in the neonate.
在孕期和哺乳期给长 Evans 大鼠饮用含亚硝酸钠的水，会严重影响其后代的红细胞生成发育、生长及死亡率。怀孕大鼠在整个妊娠期饮用含 0.5、1、2 或 3 g 亚硝酸钠/升的水。出生时，处理组和对照组的窝仔数无显著差异。此后，饮用含 2 和 3 g 亚硝酸钠/升水的处理组母鼠所产幼崽体重增加较少，逐渐严重贫血，并在产后第三周开始死亡。到产后第二周，与对照组相比，这些幼崽的血红蛋白水平、红细胞计数和平均红细胞体积均大幅降低。血涂片显示明显的红细胞大小不均和低色素性。观察到明显的乳糜性血清脂血症和脂肪肝变性。组织病理学显示小叶中心肝细胞的细胞质空泡化以及骨髓和脾脏造血减少。饮用含 1 g 亚硝酸钠/升的水会产生血液学影响，但不影响生长或死亡率。亚硝酸钠（0.5 g/升）处于或接近无观察到影响水平。交叉寄养表明，哺乳期处理比妊娠期处理对产生病变的影响更大。所呈现的数据与新生儿哺乳期严重缺铁的诱导情况一致。
