Weinberg Michael, Altshuler Alex, Soffer Michal
School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Psychol Health Med. 2023 Jul-Dec;28(9):2537-2547. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2190989. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating emotional consequences. The present study aimed to examine the relationships between personal resources and emotional distress while accounting for COVID-19-related variables. Seven hundred and seventy-seven ( = 777) participants completed demographic, mastery, forgiveness, optimism, resilience, PTSD, and anxiety questionnaires. A stepped hierarchical multiple regression revealed that mastery, forgiveness, cultural group, age, acquaintance with a person who died of COVID-19, and having been infected with COVID-19 contributed significantly to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms. Mastery, forgiveness, optimism, age, and acquaintance with a person who died of COVID-19 contributed significantly to the explained variance in anxiety. However, resilience was not found to significantly contribute to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms or anxiety. This study demonstrates the importance of being aware of both PTSD symptoms and anxiety associated with COVID-19. Thus, it is suggested that therapy programs should pay special attention to mastery and forgiveness as coping resources. In addition, among medical and mental-health personnel awareness should be given to individuals who have been in close acquaintance with those who died of COVID-19, those with COVID-19 risk factors, and those who have been infected. Special attention should also be paid to minority groups as they might tend to experience more emotional distress and trauma symptoms.
新冠疫情已造成了毁灭性的情绪后果。本研究旨在考察个人资源与情绪困扰之间的关系，同时考虑与新冠相关的变量。777名参与者完成了人口统计学、掌控感、宽恕、乐观、心理韧性、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和焦虑问卷。逐步分层多元回归分析显示，掌控感、宽恕、文化群体、年龄、认识死于新冠的人以及感染过新冠，这些因素对创伤后应激障碍症状的解释方差有显著贡献。掌控感、宽恕、乐观、年龄以及认识死于新冠的人，这些因素对焦虑的解释方差有显著贡献。然而，未发现心理韧性对创伤后应激障碍症状或焦虑的解释方差有显著贡献。本研究证明了认识与新冠相关的创伤后应激障碍症状和焦虑的重要性。因此，建议治疗方案应特别关注将掌控感和宽恕作为应对资源。此外，在医疗和心理健康人员中，应关注那些与死于新冠的人密切接触过的个体、有新冠风险因素的个体以及感染过新冠的个体。还应特别关注少数群体，因为他们可能更容易经历更多的情绪困扰和创伤症状。
