Research Department, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, 1350 Eye St NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20005, USA.
Programs Department, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Mar 15;23(1):501. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15139-3.
Men are less likely than women to test for HIV and promptly initiate antiretroviral treatment, resulting in advanced HIV disease and increased mortality rates among them.
In-depth interviews were conducted with men and leaders in the west and central regions of Cameroon. Men were recruited from existing community groups and stratified by age: 21-30 years, 31-40 years, and 41 years and older. Community leaders were recommended by the community dialogue structure chairman. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide in English or French, depending on the participant's preference. Transcripts were coded in the MAXQDA v.12 software and analyzed using thematic analysis and by age group. The Fogg Behavior Model was used to gain a deeper understanding of the different perceptions across all age groups.
Younger men (21-30 years) were generally more accepting of HIV testing, as it had become normative behavior. Although financial barriers could limit access, free testing was mentioned as a prompt to initiate HIV testing. The middle age men (31-40 years) had the most concerns about HIV testing interrupting their work day and recommended increasing testing locations and hours. The older men (41 + years) were the least motivated to get tested, citing worries about the impact on their social standing within the community. All age groups reported being motivated to begin treatment if they were found to be HIV-positive. Participants also provided insights regarding community HIV testing and treatment messaging. Younger and older men preferred to hear directly from qualified health professionals, but younger men noted that social media, radio, and TV could be utilized. Middle age men also identified TV and radio as effective mediums, if door-to-door messaging was not an option.
The study highlights important considerations when planning future information-sharing activities for HIV testing and treatment. Since lived experiences differ across generations and societal roles continue to change, not only should the content of messages differ among the generations, but the means of communication must also be considered to ensure the messages are conveyed through a trusted source.
男性进行 HIV 检测并及时启动抗逆转录病毒治疗的可能性低于女性，这导致他们的 HIV 疾病更为严重，死亡率更高。
在喀麦隆中西部地区，对男性和领导人进行了深入访谈。男性是从现有的社区团体中招募的，并按年龄分层：21-30 岁、31-40 岁和 41 岁及以上。社区领导人是由社区对话结构主席推荐的。访谈以英语或法语进行，具体取决于参与者的偏好，使用半结构化指南进行。转录本在 MAXQDA v.12 软件中进行编码，并按年龄组进行主题分析。福格行为模型用于更深入地了解所有年龄组的不同看法。
年轻男性（21-30 岁）通常更愿意接受 HIV 检测，因为这已经成为一种规范行为。尽管经济障碍可能会限制获得检测的机会，但免费检测被认为是启动 HIV 检测的一个提示。中年男性（31-40 岁）对 HIV 检测中断工作日最担心，并建议增加检测地点和时间。年长男性（41 岁及以上）最不愿意接受检测，他们担心这会对他们在社区中的社会地位产生影响。所有年龄组的男性如果检测呈阳性，都表示有动力开始治疗。参与者还就社区 HIV 检测和治疗信息提供了见解。年轻和年长男性更喜欢直接听取合格的卫生专业人员的意见，但年轻男性指出，可以利用社交媒体、广播和电视。中年男性还认为，如果无法进行挨家挨户的宣传，电视和广播也是有效的媒介。
该研究强调了在规划未来 HIV 检测和治疗信息共享活动时需要考虑的重要因素。由于不同代际的生活经历不同，而且社会角色仍在不断变化，因此不仅信息内容应该在代际之间有所不同，而且沟通方式也必须考虑，以确保通过可信的来源传递信息。
