The gene regulatory molecule GLIS3 in gastric cancer as a prognostic marker and be involved in the immune infiltration mechanism.

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent solid tumor form. Even after standard treatment, recurrence and malignant progression are nearly unavoidable in some cases of stomach cancer. GLIS Family Zinc Finger 3 (GLIS3) has received scant attention in gastric cancer research. Therefore, we sought to examine the prognostic significance of GLIS3 and its association with immune infiltration in gastric cancer.

METHOD

Using public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we investigated whether GLIS3 gene expression was linked with prognosis in patients with stomach cancer (STAD). The following analyses were performed: functional enrichment analysis (GSEA), quantitative real-time PCR, immune infiltration analysis, immunological checkpoint analysis, and clinicopathological analysis. We performed functional validation of GLIS3 by plate cloning and CCK8 assay. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, independent prognostic variables were identified. Additionally, a nomogram model was built. The link between OS and subgroup with GLIS3 expression was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis utilized the TCGA dataset.

RESULT

GLIS3 was significantly upregulated in STAD. An examination of functional enrichment revealed that GLIS3 is related to immunological responses. The majority of immune cells and immunological checkpoints had a positive correlation with GLIS3 expression. According to a Kaplan-Meier analysis, greater GLIS3 expression was related to adverse outcomes in STAD. GLIS3 was an independent predictive factor in STAD patients, as determined by Cox regression (HR = 1.478, 95%CI = 1.478 (1.062-2.055), P=0.02).

CONCLUSION

GLIS3 is considered a novel STAD patient predictive biomarker. In addition, our research identifies possible genetic regulatory loci in the therapy of STAD.