Nair Manoj S, Ribeiro Ruy M, Wang Maple, Bowen Anthony D, Liu Lihong, Guo Yicheng, Chang Jennifer Y, Wang Pengfei, Sheng Zizhang, Sobieszczyk Magdalena E, Perelson Alan S, Huang Yaoxing, Ho David D
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
iScience. 2023 Apr 21;26(4):106345. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106345. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants elicited by COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies (nAbs) after second and third doses of the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus-neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-nAbs were both ∼60 days after second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ≥6 months. A booster dose of the original COVID-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses, in addition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the COVID-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.
更好地了解新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）疫苗引发的针对多种严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变体的血清中和抗体反应的持久性和广度，对于应对当前的大流行至关重要。在本研究中，我们对第二剂和第三剂原始COVID-19 mRNA疫苗后血清中和抗体（nAbs）的衰减进行了量化。使用真实病毒中和试验，我们发现第二剂和第三剂疫苗后，WA1和Delta nAbs的衰减半衰期均约为60天。出乎意料的是，中和三种不同奥密克戎亚变体（BA.1.1、BA.5、BA.2.12.1）的血清抗体的持久性要好得多，半衰期≥6个月。还发现，一剂原始COVID-19疫苗加强针除了能增强针对多种SARS-CoV-2毒株的抗体反应外，还能拓宽针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）和其他四种沙贝病毒的抗体反应。这些发现表明，重复接种COVID-19疫苗可能会对未来沙贝病毒从动物宿主溢出提供一定程度的保护。
