Shang Xiao-Kang, Zhang Si-Meng, Ni Jun-Jun
Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Yi Chuan. 2023 Mar 20;45(3):212-220. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.22-422.
Cathepsin B (CatB), a cysteine protease derived from lysosomes, was initially thought to non-selectively degrade proteins from phagocytosis and autophagy in lysosomes. However, CatB has been demonstrated to selectively degrade and specifically activate target proteins, thereby regulating the process of physiological and pathological responses. The expression, enzymatic activity, and cellular localization of CatB are significantly altered in brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the pathological function of CatB has attracted much attention in neuroscience research. In this review, we systematically summarize the molecular functions of CatB in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease and discuss the current problems in neuropathological studies of CatB, which lay a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of aging and Alzheimer's disease.
组织蛋白酶B（CatB）是一种源自溶酶体的半胱氨酸蛋白酶，最初被认为可非选择性地降解溶酶体中吞噬作用和自噬作用产生的蛋白质。然而，已证明CatB可选择性地降解并特异性激活靶蛋白，从而调节生理和病理反应过程。在脑老化和年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中，CatB的表达、酶活性和细胞定位均发生显著改变。因此，CatB的病理功能在神经科学研究中备受关注。在本综述中，我们系统地总结了CatB在脑老化和阿尔茨海默病中的分子功能，并讨论了CatB神经病理学研究中的当前问题，这为全面理解衰老和阿尔茨海默病的发病机制奠定了基础。
