Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
Department of Anatomy, Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, 560074, India.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2023 May;45(5):537-543. doi: 10.1007/s00276-023-03126-7. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Anatomical knowledge of the hypoglossal canal is very important in relation to drilling of occipital condyle, jugular tubercle etc. So, this study was conducted to identify various morphometric and morphological features of the hypoglossal canal and its distance from adjacent structures relative to stable and reliable anatomic landmarks.
The study was performed on 142 hypoglossal canals of 71 adult human dry skulls. The parameters measured were the transverse, vertical diameter, depth of the hypoglossal canal. The distances from the hypoglossal canal to the foramen magnum, occipital condyle and jugular foramen were also noted. In addition, the different locations of the hypoglossal canal orifices in relation to the occipital condyle were assessed. The different shapes and types of the hypoglossal canal were also noted.
There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in measurements taken on the right and left sides in males and females. The intracranial orifice of hypoglossal canal was present in middle 1/3rd in 100% of occipital condyle for both genders. The extracranial orifice of the hypoglossal canal was found to be in the anterior 1/3rd in 99% and 93.7% for male and female, respectively. Simple hypoglossal canal with no traces of partition was found to be more in males and females. The most common shape noted was oval both in males and females (71.8% and 68.7% respectively).
The results of the dimensions of the hypoglossal canal and its distance from other bony landmarks will be helpful for neurosurgeons to plan which surgical approaches should be undertaken while doing various surgeries in posterior cranial fossa.
了解舌下神经管的解剖知识对于枕髁、颈静脉结节等的钻磨非常重要。因此，本研究旨在确定舌下神经管的各种形态和形态特征及其与相邻结构的距离，相对于稳定和可靠的解剖标志。
本研究在 71 具成人干颅骨的 142 个舌下神经管进行。测量的参数包括舌下神经管的横径、垂直直径和深度。还记录了舌下神经管与枕骨大孔、枕髁和颈静脉孔的距离。此外，还评估了舌下神经管孔相对于枕髁的不同位置。还记录了舌下神经管的不同形状和类型。
男性和女性左右两侧的测量值均有显著差异（p<0.05）。男女两性的枕骨髁中 1/3 处均存在舌下神经管颅内口。舌下神经管颅外口分别位于男性和女性的前 1/3，占 99%和 93.7%。99%和 93.7%的男性和女性分别发现单纯舌下神经管，无分隔痕迹。男性和女性中最常见的形状均为椭圆形（分别为 71.8%和 68.7%）。
舌下神经管及其与其他骨标志的距离的尺寸结果将有助于神经外科医生计划在进行后颅窝各种手术时应采取哪些手术入路。
