Monkhouse W S, Khalique A
Department of Human Morphology, University of Nottingham Medical School.
J Anat. 1986 Jun;146:105-15.
There exist many variations in the manner of formation, dimensions and place of termination of the central adrenal veins. In addition, some superficial adrenal veins may be substantial in size and may themselves drain directly into the renal veins and/or into other vessels which communicate with azygos and lumbar veins. This provides a route for venous adrenal blood to the heart via the azygos system and the superior vena cava rather than via the inferior vena cava. Variations in the formation and disposition of the renal veins are also described and the patterns of communication between somatic veins (including veins of the azygos and lumbar systems) and the left renal vein are illustrated and discussed in relation to the findings of others.
肾上腺中央静脉的形成方式、尺寸和终止位置存在许多变异。此外，一些肾上腺表面静脉可能尺寸较大，它们自身可直接汇入肾静脉和/或汇入与奇静脉和腰静脉相通的其他血管。这为肾上腺静脉血经奇静脉系统和上腔静脉而非下腔静脉流向心脏提供了一条途径。文中还描述了肾静脉形成和分布的变异情况，并结合其他人的研究结果，对体静脉（包括奇静脉和腰静脉系统的静脉）与左肾静脉之间的交通模式进行了图示和讨论。
