Department of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602015, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
Microbiol Res. 2023 Jun;271:127360. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127360. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Environmental pollutants seriously threaten the ecosystem and health of various life forms, particularly with the rapid industrialization and emerging population. Conventionally physical and chemical strategies are being opted for the removal of these pollutants. Bioremediation, through several advancements, has been a boon to combat the existing threat faced today. Microbes with enzymes degrade various pollutants and utilize them as a carbon and energy source. With the existing demand and through several research explorations, Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) have paved to be a successful approach to abate pollution through bioremediation. The genome of the microbe determines its biodegradative nature. Thus, methods including pure culture techniques and metagenomics are used for analyzing the genome of microbes, which provides information about catabolic genes. The information obtained along with the aid of biotechnology helps to construct GEMs that are cost-effective and safer thereby exhibiting higher degradation of pollutants. The present review focuses on the role of microbes in the degradation of environmental pollutants, role of evolution in habitat and adaptation of microbes, microbial degenerative genes, their pathways, and the efficacy of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology for creating GEMs for bioremediation. The present review also provides a gist of existing GEMs for bioremediation and their limitations, thereby providing a future scope of implementation of these GEMs for a sustainable environment.
环境污染物严重威胁着各种生命形式的生态系统和健康，尤其是在工业化快速发展和人口不断增加的情况下。传统上，人们选择物理和化学策略来去除这些污染物。通过多项技术进步，生物修复已经成为应对当今现有威胁的一种福音。具有酶的微生物可以降解各种污染物，并将其用作碳和能源来源。随着现有需求和通过多项研究探索，基因工程微生物（GEMs）已成为通过生物修复减轻污染的一种成功方法。微生物的基因组决定了其生物降解的性质。因此，包括纯培养技术和宏基因组学在内的方法被用于分析微生物的基因组，这提供了关于分解代谢基因的信息。获得的信息结合生物技术的辅助，有助于构建具有成本效益和安全性的 GEMs，从而展示出更高的污染物降解能力。本综述重点介绍了微生物在环境污染物降解中的作用、微生物在栖息地和适应方面的进化作用、微生物退化基因、它们的途径以及重组 DNA（rDNA）技术在创建用于生物修复的 GEMs 方面的功效。本综述还提供了生物修复用 GEMs 的现有情况及其局限性的概述，从而为这些 GEMs 在可持续环境中的实施提供了未来的前景。
