将种族置于程序正义理论的核心：结构性种族主义与黑人社区的警力不足和过度执法
Centering race in procedural justice theory: Structural racism and the under- and overpolicing of Black communities.
作者信息
Jackson Jonathan, McKay Tasseli, Cheliotis Leonidas, Bradford Ben, Fine Adam, Trinkner Rick
机构信息
Department of Methodology, The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Department of Sociology, Duke University.
出版信息
Law Hum Behav. 2023 Feb;47(1):68-82. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000524.
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the factors that legitimized the police in the United States at an important moment of history, just after the police killing of George Floyd in 2020. We also evaluated one way of incorporating perceptions of systemic racism into procedural justice theory.
HYPOTHESES
We tested two primary hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that perceptions of police procedural justice, distributive justice, and bounded authority were important to the legitimization of the police. The second hypothesis was that perceptions of the under- and overpolicing of Black communities also mattered to the delegitimization of the institution, especially for people who identified with the Black Lives Matter movement.
METHOD
A cross-sectional quota sample survey of 1,500 U.S. residents was conducted in June 2020. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and latent moderated structural equation modeling.
RESULTS
People who viewed the police as legitimate also tended to believe that police treated people with respect and dignity, made decisions in unbiased ways, fairly allocated their finite resources across groups in society, and respected the limits of their rightful authority. Moreover, people who believed that Black communities were underpoliced and overpoliced also tended to question the legitimacy of the police, especially if they identified with the Black Lives Matter movement. These results held among Black and White study participants alike.
CONCLUSIONS
At the time of the study, systemic racism in policing may have delegitimized the institution in a way that transcended the factors that procedural justice theory focuses on, such as procedural justice. This was especially so for individuals who identified with a social movement, Black Lives Matter, that had an extremely high profile in 2020. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
我们评估了在2020年警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德这一重要历史时刻使美国警察合法化的因素。我们还评估了将系统性种族主义观念纳入程序正义理论的一种方式。
假设
我们检验了两个主要假设。第一个假设是，对警察程序正义、分配正义和有限权威的认知对警察合法化很重要。第二个假设是，对黑人社区警力不足和过度警力的认知对该机构的非法化也很重要，尤其是对于认同“黑人的命也是命”运动的人。
方法
2020年6月对1500名美国居民进行了横断面配额抽样调查。使用验证性因素分析、结构方程建模和潜在调节结构方程建模对数据进行了分析。
结果
认为警察合法的人也倾向于相信警察以尊重和尊严对待人们，以公正的方式做出决策，在社会各群体间公平分配有限资源，并尊重其合法权力的界限。此外，认为黑人社区警力不足和过度警力的人也倾向于质疑警察的合法性，尤其是如果他们认同“黑人的命也是命”运动。这些结果在黑人和白人研究参与者中都成立。
结论
在研究时，警务中的系统性种族主义可能以一种超越程序正义理论所关注的因素（如程序正义）的方式使该机构非法化。对于认同2020年备受瞩目的社会运动“黑人的命也是命”的个人来说尤其如此。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
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