Simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and implant-mediated guided growth to correct genu valgum in skeletally immature patients.

OBJECTIVES

Adolescents with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears can present with concomitant lower extremity coronal plane angular deformity (CPAD) that both predispose to injury as well as may increase the risk of graft rupture following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The goal of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of concomitant ACLR with implant-mediated guided growth (IMGG) compared to isolated IMGG procedures in paediatric and adolescent patients.

METHODS

Operative records of all paediatric and adolescent patients (age ≤ 18 years) that underwent simultaneous ACLR and IMGG by one of two paediatric orthopaedic surgeons between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. A comparison cohort of isolated IMGG patients was identified and matched based on bone age within one year, sex, laterality, and fixation type (i.e. transphyseal screw vs. tension band plate and screw construct). Pre- and post-operative mechanical axis deviation (MAD), angular axis deviation (AAD), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were recorded.

RESULTS

A total of 9 participants who underwent concomitant ACLR and IMGG (ACLR ​+ ​IMGG) were identified, with 7 of these participants meeting the final inclusion criteria. The participants had a median age of 12.7 (IQR ​= ​12.1 - 14.2) years and median bone age of 13.0 (IQR ​= ​12.0 - 14.0) years. Of the 7 participants that underwent ACLR and IMGG, 3 underwent a modified MacIntosh procedure with ITB autograft, 2 received quadriceps tendon autograft, and 1 underwent hamstring autograft reconstruction. There were no significant differences in the amount of correction obtained between ACLR ​+ ​IMGG and matched IMGG subjects with respect to any measurement variable (MAD difference: p ​= ​0.47, AAD difference: p ​= ​0.58, LDFA difference: p ​= ​0.27, MPTA difference: p ​= ​0.20). There were also no significant differences in alignment variables per unit time between cohorts (MAD/month: p ​= ​0.62, AAD/month ​= ​0.80, LDFA/month ​= ​0.27, MPTA/month ​= ​0.20).

CONCLUSION

The results of the current study indicate that concomitant ACLR and lower extremity CPAD correction is a safe approach to treat CPAD concomitantly with ACLR in young patients who present with an acute ACL tear. Furthermore, one can expect reliable correction of CPAD after combined ACLR and IMGG, no different than the correction obtained in the setting of IMGG alone.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

III.