Groves Samantha, Lascelles Karen, Hawton Keith
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Jun 15;331:393-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.027. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
Nurses have been identified as an occupational group at increased risk of suicide. This systematic review examines the prevalence of, and factors influencing, suicide and related behaviours among nurses and midwives (PROSPERO pre-registration CRD42021270297).
MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched. Articles published from 1996 onwards exploring suicidal thoughts and behaviours among nurses and midwives were included. Quality of included studies was assessed. Articles were subjected to narrative synthesis informed by suicide data examined, study design, and quality. PRISMA guidelines were followed.
A total of 100 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. Articles examining suicide exclusively among midwives were absent from the literature. Several studies confirmed that nursing professionals, especially female, are at increased risk of suicide, particularly by self-poisoning. Factors contributing to risk include psychiatric disorders, alcohol and substance misuse, physical health problems, and occupational and interpersonal difficulties. In studies of non-fatal suicidal behaviours, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, psychiatric, psychological, physical and occupational factors were contributory. There has been little investigation of interventions for prevention of suicide in nurses.
Only articles published in English language were reviewed.
The findings highlight the risk of suicide in nurses. They also show a combination of factors contribute to suicide and non-fatal suicidal behaviour in nurses, with psychiatric, psychological, physical health, occupational and substance misuse (especially alcohol) problems being particularly important. The limited evidence regarding prevention measures indicates a major need to develop primary and secondary interventions for this at-risk occupational group, for example, education regarding enhancing wellbeing and safe alcohol use, alongside accessible psychological support.
护士被认定为自杀风险较高的职业群体。本系统综述考察了护士和助产士自杀及相关行为的发生率和影响因素（PROSPERO预注册编号CRD42021270297）。
检索了MEDLINE、PsycINFO和CINAHL数据库。纳入1996年以后发表的探讨护士和助产士自杀想法及行为的文章。评估纳入研究的质量。根据所研究的自杀数据、研究设计和质量对文章进行叙述性综合分析。遵循PRISMA指南。
共有100项研究符合纳入本综述的条件。文献中没有专门研究助产士自杀情况的文章。多项研究证实，护理专业人员，尤其是女性，自杀风险增加，特别是通过自我中毒的方式。导致风险的因素包括精神疾病、酒精和物质滥用、身体健康问题以及职业和人际困难。在对非致命自杀行为的研究中，包括在新冠疫情期间，精神、心理、身体和职业因素都有促成作用。对预防护士自杀的干预措施研究较少。
仅审查了以英文发表的文章。
研究结果突出了护士自杀的风险。它们还表明，多种因素共同导致护士自杀和非致命自杀行为，其中精神、心理、身体健康、职业和物质滥用（尤其是酒精）问题尤为重要。关于预防措施的证据有限，这表明迫切需要为这个高危职业群体制定一级和二级干预措施，例如开展关于增进幸福感和安全饮酒的教育，以及提供可及的心理支持。
