School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 15;877:162890. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162890. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Despite peatlands' important feedbacks on the climate and global biogeochemical cycles, predicting their dynamics involves many uncertainties and an overwhelming variety of available models. This paper reviews the most widely used process-based models for simulating peatlands' dynamics, i.e., the exchanges of energy and mass (water, carbon, and nitrogen). 'Peatlands' here refers to mires, fens, bogs, and peat swamps both intact and degraded. Using a systematic search (involving 4900 articles), 45 models were selected that appeared at least twice in the literature. The models were classified into four categories: terrestrial ecosystem models (biogeochemical and global dynamic vegetation models, n = 21), hydrological models (n = 14), land surface models (n = 7), and eco-hydrological models (n = 3), 18 of which featured "peatland-specific" modules. By analysing their corresponding publications (n = 231), we identified their proven applicability domains (hydrology and carbon cycles dominated) for different peatland types and climate zones (northern bogs and fens dominated). The studies range in scale from small plots to global, and from single events to millennia. Following a FOSS (Free Open-Source Software) and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) assessment, the number of models was reduced to 12. Then, we conducted a technical review of the approaches and associated challenges, as well as the basic aspects of each model, e.g., spatiotemporal resolution, input/output data format and modularity. Our review streamlines the process of model selection and highlights: (i) standardization and coordination are required for both data exchange and model calibration/validation to facilitate intercomparison studies; and (ii) there are overlaps in the models' scopes and approaches, making it imperative to fully optimize the strengths of existing models rather than creating redundant ones. In this regard, we provide a futuristic outlook for a 'peatland community modelling platform' and suggest an international peatland modelling intercomparison project.
尽管泥炭地对气候和全球生物地球化学循环具有重要的反馈作用，但预测其动态变化涉及许多不确定性和大量可用模型。本文综述了模拟泥炭地动态变化最广泛使用的基于过程的模型，即能量和物质（水、碳和氮）的交换。“泥炭地”是指完整和退化的沼泽、湿地、泥沼和泥炭沼泽。通过系统搜索（涉及 4900 篇文章），选择了至少在文献中出现两次的 45 个模型。这些模型分为四类：陆地生态系统模型（生物地球化学和全球动态植被模型，n=21）、水文模型（n=14）、陆面模型（n=7）和生态水文学模型（n=3），其中 18 个具有“泥炭地特定”模块。通过分析它们相应的出版物（n=231），我们确定了它们在不同泥炭地类型和气候带（以北部泥沼和湿地为主）的应用领域（以水文学和碳循环为主）。这些研究的范围从小面积到全球，从单一事件到几千年。在进行了 FOSS（免费开源软件）和 FAIR（可发现、可访问、可互操作、可重用）评估后，模型数量减少到 12 个。然后，我们对方法和相关挑战以及每个模型的基本方面进行了技术审查，例如时空分辨率、输入/输出数据格式和模块性。我们的综述简化了模型选择的过程，并强调：（i）需要进行数据交换和模型校准/验证的标准化和协调，以促进相互比较研究；（ii）模型的范围和方法存在重叠，因此必须充分优化现有模型的优势，而不是创建冗余模型。在这方面，我们为“泥炭地社区建模平台”提供了一个未来的展望，并建议开展一个国际泥炭地建模相互比较项目。
