Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Child Abuse Negl. 2023 Jun;140:106131. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106131. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Violence against children is an issue of serious concern. Stigma impacts coping with childhood trauma. A central aspect regarding disclosing trauma and seeking help is the social perception of the victim and survivor's gender.
This review aims to synthesize qualitative and quantitative research about the impact of the victim and survivor gender on the societal perceptions of individuals who have experienced sexual and/or physical violence in childhood.
This review considered both society's and victims and survivors' perspectives on gender-linked perceptions concerning individuals with childhood trauma.
The initial search was conducted in November 2021 and involved the databases Web of Science, PubMed, and PsychInfo. All studies, published in English or German, that reported study design, sample characteristics, and gender-linked perceptions of individuals with a history of sexual and/or physical violence in childhood were included.
A total of 10,373 studies were identified, of which 20 studies were eligible for review. Six studies reported no significant victim gender effect. However, when significant victim gender effects were present, males were characterized with considerably more stigmatizing attributes regarding the blame category while females were exposed to considerably more stigmatizing attributes regarding the harm category.
Females and males experience stigmatization reflecting typical stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Thus, females are perceived as more vulnerable, more burdened, and with a higher need for security than males. Males are seen as more blameworthy and less trustworthy than females due to their presumed capability to physically resist or escape abuse.
儿童暴力是一个严重关切的问题。污名会影响儿童创伤的应对。披露创伤和寻求帮助的一个核心方面是受害者和幸存者的性别在社会认知中的问题。
本综述旨在综合定性和定量研究，了解受害者和幸存者的性别对经历过儿童期性暴力和/或身体暴力的个体的社会认知的影响。
本综述考虑了社会和受害者及幸存者对与性别相关的、与有儿童期创伤经历的个体相关的观念的看法。
最初的搜索于 2021 年 11 月进行，涉及 Web of Science、PubMed 和 PsychInfo 数据库。所有报告了研究设计、样本特征以及与性别相关的对有性和/或身体暴力儿童期经历的个体的看法的研究均被纳入。
共确定了 10373 项研究，其中 20 项研究符合审查条件。六项研究报告称受害者性别无显著影响。然而，当存在显著的受害者性别影响时，男性在归因类别中具有更多的污名化特征，而女性在伤害类别中具有更多的污名化特征。
女性和男性都经历了反映女性气质和男性气质典型刻板印象的污名化。因此，与男性相比，女性被认为更脆弱、更受困扰、更需要安全。由于男性被认为有能力在身体上抵抗或逃避虐待，因此他们比女性更有过错，更不值得信任。
