Tailoring the whole-cell sensing spectrum with cyborgian redox machinery.

Whole-cell biosensors are an important class of analytical tools that offer the advantages of low cost, facile operation, and unique reproduction/regeneration ability. However, it has always been quite challenging to expand the sensing spectrum of the host. Here, a new approach to extend the cell sensing spectrum with biomineralized nanoparticles is developed. The nano-biohybrid design comprise biomineralized FeS nanoparticles firmly anchored onto the bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, wherein the nanoparticles are wired to the cellular electron transfer machinery (MtrCAB/OmcA) of the bacterium, forming an artificial cyborgian redox machinery consisting of FeS-MtrCAB/OmcA-FccA. Strikingly, with this cyborgian redox machinery, the sensing spectrum of FeS hybridized S. oneidensis MR-1 cell is successfully expanded to enable whole-cell electrochemical detection of Vitamin B12, while an unhybridized native cell is incapable of sensing. This proof-of-concept nano-biohybrid design offers a new perspective on manipulating the microbial toolkit for an expanded sensing spectrum in whole-cell biosensors.