Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 2;11:1101487. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1101487. eCollection 2023.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health concern associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including psychological distress (PD).
To assess the association of IPV and psychological distress, and the mediation of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a national representative sample from Mexico.
Data from the Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Tabaco y Alcohol (ENCODAT) were analyzed. The sample included 34,864 people between the ages of 12 and 65 with a partner. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the association between IPV, use alcohol, tobacco and psychological distress was measured.
The population was composed of women (51.9%) and men (48.1%); 15.1% (women = 18.2% and men = 11.9%) reported IPV in the last year. The prevalence of psychological distress in the last year was 3.3%, being 3.8% in women, and 2.7% in men. Results from the SEM in women indicated a direct positive effect of the IPV construct on psychological distress (β = 0.298, < 0.01); these findings confirmed that IPV tended to systematically increase psychological distress. Likewise, the presence of IPV increased the consumption of tobacco (β = 0.077, < 0.01) and alcohol (β = 0.072, < 0.01). The SEM results in men showed that alcohol and tobacco consumption tended to increase in the presence of IPV (β = 0.121, < 0.01, and β = 0.086, < 0.01, respectively), and in turn, alcohol consumption and tobacco tended to increase psychological distress (β = 0.024, < 0.01, and β = 0.025, < 0.01, respectively).
This study indicated that in women, IPV had a direct effect on psychological distress and on alcohol and tobacco consumption. Meanwhile in men, alcohol and tobacco consumption had a mediating effect between IPV and psychological distress. The empirical findings of this study will contribute toward the design of public health policies for the prevention and attention of IPV, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and consequently address the mental health consequences derived from these problems.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个与多种不良健康后果相关的公共卫生问题，包括心理困扰（PD）。
评估 IPV 与心理困扰之间的关联，以及在墨西哥全国代表性样本中，烟草和酒精消费的中介作用。
分析了全国毒品、烟草和酒精消费调查（ENCODAT）的数据。该样本包括 34864 名年龄在 12 岁至 65 岁之间有伴侣的人。使用结构方程模型（SEM），测量了 IPV、使用酒精、烟草和心理困扰之间的关联。
该人群由女性（51.9%）和男性（48.1%）组成；15.1%（女性为 18.2%，男性为 11.9%）报告在过去一年中存在 IPV。过去一年中心理困扰的患病率为 3.3%，女性为 3.8%，男性为 2.7%。女性 SEM 的结果表明，IPV 结构对心理困扰有直接的正向影响（β=0.298，<0.01）；这些发现证实，IPV 倾向于系统地增加心理困扰。同样，IPV 的存在增加了烟草（β=0.077，<0.01）和酒精（β=0.072，<0.01）的消费。男性 SEM 的结果表明，在 IPV 的存在下，酒精和烟草的消费趋于增加（β=0.121，<0.01 和β=0.086，<0.01），反过来，酒精和烟草的消费也趋于增加心理困扰（β=0.024，<0.01 和β=0.025，<0.01）。
本研究表明，在女性中，IPV 对心理困扰以及酒精和烟草消费有直接影响。而在男性中，酒精和烟草消费在 IPV 和心理困扰之间具有中介作用。本研究的实证结果将有助于制定公共卫生政策，以预防和关注 IPV、酒精和烟草消费，并由此解决这些问题带来的心理健康后果。
