Hellman R, Zwicker E
Auditory Perception Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1987 Nov;82(5):1700-5. doi: 10.1121/1.395162.
Loudness measured by the method of absolute magnitude estimation is compared to loudness calculated in accordance with ISO 532 B (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1966). The measured and calculated loudness functions exhibit a similar pattern of loudness growth. Both measured and calculated loudness of a complex sound composed of a 1000-Hz tone and broadband noise is a nonmonotonic function of the overall SPL of the complex. The nonmonotonic loudness-growth pattern holds over a 30-dB range from 73.5 to 103.5. To facilitate understanding of the results, a single cycle of data is analyzed in detail. The analysis shows that loudness patterns produced in the auditory system by the tone-noise complex can account for the observed effects. Moreover, they show that the A-weighting and the loudness of the complex are negatively related. This inverse relation means that the A-weighted SPL is an inappropriate and misleading indicator of the loudness of sound combinations with heterogeneous spectral envelopes. Consequently, its suitability for noise control is diminished. A loudness meter that combines the spectral shapes of different sounds to produce an overall perceived magnitude offers greater promise.
通过绝对量级估计法测量的响度与按照ISO 532 B（国际标准化组织，日内瓦，1966年）计算的响度进行比较。测量所得和计算得出的响度函数呈现出相似的响度增长模式。由1000赫兹纯音和宽带噪声组成的复合声音的测量响度和计算响度都是该复合声音总声压级的非单调函数。这种非单调的响度增长模式在73.5至103.5的30分贝范围内成立。为便于理解结果，对单个数据周期进行了详细分析。分析表明，由纯音 - 噪声复合体在听觉系统中产生的响度模式可以解释所观察到的效应。此外，分析还表明，复合声音的A计权与响度呈负相关。这种反比关系意味着，对于具有异质频谱包络的声音组合，A计权声压级是响度的一个不恰当且具有误导性的指标。因此，其在噪声控制方面的适用性降低。一种结合不同声音的频谱形状以产生总体感知量级的响度计更具前景。
