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COVID-19 疫苗接种:医学、伦理和法律方面。

COVID-19 Vaccinations: Medical, Ethical and Legal Aspects.

机构信息

Faculty of law, Jadara University, Jordan.

Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.

出版信息

Med Arch. 2022 Dec;76(6):413-418. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2022.76.413-418.

DOI:10.5455/medarh.2022.76.413-418
PMID:36937616
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10019883/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Following the consideration of COVID-19 as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), developing new vaccinations against COVID-19 was the dream of humanity. Leading companies competed to achieve this task. Several vaccinations have been developed relatively quickly.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to review the literature regarding medical, ethical, and legal aspects of COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS

Literature was reviewed regarding various issues of COVID-19 vaccinations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The main findings showed that a dilemma exists in literature regarding the ethics in general in keeping the rights of individuals to retain their rights to receive the vaccine and considering receiving the vaccination as compulsory.

CONCLUSION

As the disease has become pandemic with high mortality rates, keeping the safety of the community has received the priority on individual rights, and many countries considered compulsory vaccinations.

摘要

背景

世界卫生组织(WHO)将 COVID-19 视为大流行后,开发针对 COVID-19 的新疫苗成为人类的梦想。领先的公司竞相完成这项任务。已经相对快速地开发了几种疫苗。

目的

本研究旨在综述 COVID-19 疫苗接种的医学、伦理和法律方面的文献。

方法

文献回顾了 COVID-19 疫苗接种的各种问题。

结果与讨论

主要结果表明,文献中普遍存在一种道德困境,即在维护个人权利以保留接种疫苗的权利和将接种疫苗视为强制性之间存在两难选择。

结论

由于该疾病已成为高死亡率的大流行疾病,维护社区的安全优先于个人权利,许多国家考虑强制接种疫苗。

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本文引用的文献

1
COVID-19 Vaccination and Medical Liability: An International Perspective in 18 Countries.新冠疫苗接种与医疗责任:18个国家的国际视角
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Aug 7;10(8):1275. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081275.
2
Medical Liability of the Vaccinating Doctor: Comparing Policies in European Union Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic.接种医生的医疗责任:COVID-19 大流行期间欧盟国家政策比较。
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 11;19(12):7191. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127191.
3
COVID-19 Compulsory Vaccination: Legal and Bioethical Controversies.新冠病毒强制接种疫苗:法律与生物伦理争议
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 2;9:821522. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.821522. eCollection 2022.
4
Vaccine Liability in the Light of Covid-19: A Defence of Risk-Benefit.《Covid-19 背景下的疫苗责任:风险-收益辩护》
Med Law Rev. 2022 May 30;30(2):243-267. doi: 10.1093/medlaw/fwab053.
5
Change in age distribution of COVID-19 deaths with the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination.新冠疫苗接种后,新冠死亡病例年龄分布的变化。
Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt C):112342. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112342. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
6
Covid-19: FDA approves Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in record time.新冠疫情:美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)在创纪录的时间内批准了辉瑞-生物科技公司的疫苗。
BMJ. 2021 Aug 24;374:n2096. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2096.
7
COVID-19 vaccines that reduce symptoms but do not block infection need higher coverage and faster rollout to achieve population impact.降低症状但不能阻断感染的 COVID-19 疫苗需要更高的覆盖率和更快的推广速度才能产生人群影响。
Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 30;11(1):15531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94719-y.
8
Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.理解对新冠疫苗的犹豫态度。
Nat Med. 2021 Aug;27(8):1338-1339. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01459-7.
9
COVID-19 Vaccines May Not Prevent Nasal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Asymptomatic Transmission.COVID-19 疫苗可能无法预防鼻腔 SARS-CoV-2 感染和无症状传播。
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Feb;164(2):305-307. doi: 10.1177/0194599820982633. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
10
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 疫苗(阿斯利康)对 SARS-CoV-2 的安全性和有效性:巴西、南非和英国四项随机对照试验的中期分析。
Lancet. 2021 Jan 9;397(10269):99-111. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1. Epub 2020 Dec 8.