Guye Ararso Hordofa, Nigussie Tadesse, Tesema Mengistu, Shambi Dame Banti, Diriba Berhanu Senbeta, Tefera Esayas Mekonen, Girma Yeabsira
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Mar 3;11:1083358. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1083358. eCollection 2023.
Childhood immunization is one of the most effective global public health interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality. However, some children remain not fully vaccinated in developing countries due to defaulting from full vaccination, which can put them at risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. The barriers to full vaccination were well explored in Ethiopia using a qualitative approach. The study aimed to explore barriers to full childhood vaccination in Siraro District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
A qualitative study was conducted in Siraro District through 15 key informant health workers interviews and 6 in-depth interviews with children's mothers from April 20 to May 15, 2022. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and captured using audio tape recorders and field note-taking. A heterogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select representative study participants. Data transcription and translation were done according to the respondents' verbatim from the local language to English. Data coding and key categories were identified and analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, data were presented in narrative forms using respondents' own words as an illustration.
Twenty-one study participants were interviewed and included in this study. Of the explored barriers to full childhood vaccination, the evidence from the respondents was integrated from subcategories and presented as a whole within each thematic area. Five thematic areas emerged from interviews of the participants through thematic analysis of the data. The identified barriers were forgetting the next vaccination schedule, migration of parents, work overload, lack of knowledge and awareness, rumors, and misinformation. Additionally, vaccination service delivery-related barriers such as vaccine vials not being opened for a few children, fear of vaccine side effects, closed health posts during visits by mothers for vaccination, and absence of health extension workers at health posts were the key barriers to full childhood vaccination.
Forgetting vaccination schedule, migration of parents, work overload, rumors, and misinformation, fear of vaccine side effects, vaccine vial not opened for few children, closed health posts during visiting by mothers, absence of health extension workers from health posts were the key barriers to the full vaccination status of children. Thus, the district health office should work on barriers to full vaccination by strengthening vaccination service delivery and improving vaccination awareness through a health extension program.
儿童免疫接种是全球最有效的公共卫生干预措施之一，可降低儿童发病率和死亡率。然而，在发展中国家，一些儿童由于未完成全程疫苗接种而仍未得到充分免疫，这可能使他们面临感染疫苗可预防疾病暴发的风险。埃塞俄比亚采用定性方法对全程疫苗接种的障碍进行了深入研究。本研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州西阿尔西地区西拉罗区儿童全程疫苗接种的障碍。
2022年4月20日至5月15日，在西拉罗区开展了一项定性研究，对15名关键信息提供者（卫生工作者）进行了访谈，并对儿童母亲进行了6次深入访谈。通过半结构化问卷收集数据，并用录音机和实地笔记记录。采用异质性目的抽样技术选择有代表性的研究参与者。数据转录和翻译按照受访者的逐字记录从当地语言翻译成英语。使用主题分析法确定和分析数据编码及关键类别。最后，用受访者自己的话以叙述形式呈现数据作为例证。
21名研究参与者接受了访谈并纳入本研究。在探讨的儿童全程疫苗接种障碍方面，受访者提供的证据从子类别进行整合，并在每个主题领域内作为一个整体呈现。通过对数据的主题分析，从参与者的访谈中出现了五个主题领域。确定的障碍包括忘记下次接种计划、父母迁移、工作负担过重、缺乏知识和意识、谣言以及错误信息。此外，与疫苗接种服务提供相关的障碍，如少数儿童的疫苗瓶未开封、担心疫苗副作用、母亲前往接种时卫生站关闭以及卫生站没有卫生推广工作者，是儿童全程疫苗接种的关键障碍。
忘记接种计划、父母迁移、工作负担过重、谣言和错误信息、担心疫苗副作用、少数儿童的疫苗瓶未开封、母亲前往接种时卫生站关闭、卫生站没有卫生推广工作者是儿童实现全程疫苗接种状态的关键障碍。因此，区卫生办公室应通过加强疫苗接种服务提供和通过卫生推广计划提高疫苗接种意识来解决全程疫苗接种障碍问题。
