Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
CRISPR J. 2023 Apr;6(2):90-98. doi: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0094. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Periodontal disease (PD) is an immune-inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, which results in progressive destruction of the hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The primary etiological factor for this disease is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic bacteria face antagonistic conditions and foreign DNA components during the infection stage and depend on defense mechanisms such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas to counter them. Virulence genes regulated by the CRISPR-Cas system are often expressed by bacteria as part of the stress response to the presence of stress conditions and foreign elements. There is ever-growing evidence regarding the role of CRISPR-Cas in virulence of periodontal pathogens. The same CRISPR-Cas system may also be targeted to reduce bacterial virulence and it may also be utilized to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for prevention and control of PD progression. This review article describes the CRISPR-Cas systems in the periodontal dysbiotic microbial communities, their role in the virulence of periodontal pathogens, and their potential role in understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis and treatment of PD.
牙周病（PD）是一种影响牙齿支持结构的免疫炎症性疾病，导致牙齿周围的硬组织和软组织进行性破坏，最终导致牙齿丧失。这种疾病的主要病因因素是致病微生物的存在。在感染阶段，病原菌面临着拮抗条件和外来 DNA 成分的挑战，它们依赖于 CRISPR-Cas 等防御机制来对抗这些挑战。CRISPR-Cas 系统调节的毒力基因通常由细菌表达，作为对压力条件和外来因素存在的应激反应的一部分。越来越多的证据表明 CRISPR-Cas 在牙周病原菌的毒力中起作用。同样的 CRISPR-Cas 系统也可以被靶向以降低细菌的毒力，也可以用于开发诊断和治疗策略，以预防和控制 PD 的进展。本文综述了牙周病生态失调微生物群落中的 CRISPR-Cas 系统、它们在牙周病原菌毒力中的作用，以及它们在理解牙周炎发病机制和 PD 治疗中的潜在作用。
