Bhalla D K, Mannix R C, Lavan S M, Phalen R F, Kleinman M T, Crocker T T
Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1987;22(4):417-37. doi: 10.1080/15287398709531083.
Permeability of tracheal and bronchoalveolar airways of rats was measured and used to examine the effects of inhaled oxidant-containing atmospheres. The atmospheres studied were (a) ozone (O3) at 0.6 ppm (1.2 mg/m3) or 0.8 ppm (1.6 mg/m3); (b) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 6 ppm (11.3 mg/m3) or 12 ppm (22.6 mg/m3); (c) O3 + NO2 at 0.6 ppm (1.2 mg/m3) and 2.5 ppm (4.7 mg/m3), respectively; and (d) a 7-component particle and gas mixture (complex atmosphere) representing urban air pollution in a photochemical environment. The rats were exposed for 2 h. The effects of exercise during exposure were evaluated by exposing additional groups in an enclosed treadmill. Exposure of resting rats to 0.8 ppm O3 increased tracheal permeability to DTPA and bronchoalveolar permeability to diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 1 h after the exposure. Bronchoalveolar, but not tracheal, permeability remained elevated at 24 h after the exposure. Exercise during exposure to O3 increased permeability to both tracers in the tracheal and the bronchoalveolar zones, and prolonged the duration of increased permeability in the tracheal zone from 1 h to 24 h, and in the bronchoalveolar zone from 24 h to 48 h. Permeability in the tracheal and bronchoalveolar zones of rats exposed at rest to 6 or 12 ppm NO2 did not differ from controls. However, rats exposed during exercise to 12 ppm NO2 for 2 h developed a significant increase in tracheal and bronchoalveolar permeability to DTPA and BSA at 1 h, but not at 24 or 48 h, after exposure. Exposure at rest to 0.6 ppm O3 plus 2.5 ppm NO2 significantly increased bronchoalveolar permeability at 1 and 24 h after exposure, although exposure at rest to 0.6 ppm O3 alone increased bronchoalveolar permeability only at 1 h after exposure. Exposure to O3 + NO2 during exercise led to significantly greater permeability to DTPA than did exercising exposure to O3 alone. Resting rats exposed to a complex gas/aerosol atmosphere composed of the above O3 and NO2 concentrations, plus 5 ppm (13.1 mg/m3) sulfur dioxide (SO2) and an aerosol of insoluble colloidal Fe2O3 with an aerosol of manganese, ferric, and ammonium salts, demonstrated increased permeability at 1 and 24 h after exposure. Nitric acid vapor was formed in both the O3 + NO2 atmosphere and the complex gas/aerosol atmosphere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
测量了大鼠气管和支气管肺泡气道的通透性，并用于研究吸入含氧化剂环境的影响。所研究的环境包括：(a) 浓度为0.6 ppm（1.2毫克/立方米）或0.8 ppm（1.6毫克/立方米）的臭氧（O₃）；(b) 浓度为6 ppm（11.3毫克/立方米）或12 ppm（22.6毫克/立方米）的二氧化氮（NO₂）；(c) 分别为0.6 ppm（1.2毫克/立方米）和2.5 ppm（4.7毫克/立方米）的O₃ + NO₂；以及(d) 一种代表光化学环境中城市空气污染的七组分颗粒和气体混合物（复合环境）。将大鼠暴露2小时。通过在封闭跑步机上暴露额外的组来评估暴露期间运动的影响。静止大鼠暴露于0.8 ppm O₃后，在暴露后1小时，气管对二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）的通透性以及支气管肺泡对二乙三胺五乙酸（DTPA）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的通透性增加。暴露后24小时，支气管肺泡而非气管的通透性仍然升高。暴露于O₃期间运动增加了气管和支气管肺泡区域对两种示踪剂的通透性，并将气管区域通透性增加的持续时间从1小时延长至24小时，在支气管肺泡区域从24小时延长至48小时。静止暴露于6或12 ppm NO₂的大鼠气管和支气管肺泡区域的通透性与对照组无差异。然而，运动期间暴露于12 ppm NO₂ 2小时的大鼠，在暴露后1小时，气管和支气管肺泡对DTPA和BSA的通透性显著增加，但在暴露后24或48小时未增加。静止暴露于0.6 ppm O₃加2.5 ppm NO₂在暴露后1小时和24小时显著增加了支气管肺泡的通透性，尽管单独静止暴露于0.6 ppm O₃仅在暴露后1小时增加了支气管肺泡的通透性。运动期间暴露于O₃ + NO₂导致对DTPA的通透性显著高于单独运动暴露于O₃。静止大鼠暴露于由上述O₃和NO₂浓度、加5 ppm（13.1毫克/立方米）二氧化硫（SO₂）以及不溶性胶体Fe₂O₃气溶胶与锰、铁和铵盐气溶胶组成的复合气体/气溶胶环境中，在暴露后1小时和24小时显示通透性增加。在O₃ + NO₂环境和复合气体/气溶胶环境中均形成了硝酸蒸气。（摘要截短于400字）
