Singal Anjali, Chaudhary Priti, Singh Paramdeep
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, 151001, India.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2023 May;45(5):555-561. doi: 10.1007/s00276-023-03133-8. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
This investigation aimed to study the types of external occipital protuberance (EOP) with special reference to Type 3 (spine type). Detailed information will be useful for clinicians to manage occipital headaches or issues related to the biomechanics of the neck and for accurate radiological interpretations.
Thirty-one dry intact cadaveric skulls were studied for EOP classification. In Type III EOP cases, the size of EOP was noticed using different modalities and compared. The superior nuchal lines and external occipital crest were observed for their prominence and any variation.
42% of the skulls belong to Type 1, 51.5% to Type 2, and 6.5% to Type 3 EOP. Superior nuchal lines and external occipital crest were more prominent in Types 2 and 3 EOP. In Type 3 EOP cases, the mean length, width, and thickness of the spine as measured directly on the skull were 16.63 mm; 20.1 mm, and 7.82 mm respectively, the same as radiograph findings. CT examination revealed the average volume as 0.95 cm. Out of two Type 3 EOP cases, the spine with larger values for its size was having a lesser volume value in CT.
Plain lateral radiography is a reliable method to measure the length and thickness of spinous EOP. However, more values of these parameters for morphometry of the EOP spine do not mean more volume of EOP and vice versa. Detailed information regarding the occurrence of occipital spur and its morphology will be of great importance to neurosurgeons, sports, physicians, emergency departments, and radiologists.
本研究旨在探讨枕外隆突（EOP）的类型，特别关注3型（棘突型）。详细信息将有助于临床医生处理枕部头痛或与颈部生物力学相关的问题，并进行准确的放射学解读。
对31个完整的干燥尸体头骨进行EOP分类研究。在III型EOP病例中，使用不同方法测量EOP的大小并进行比较。观察上项线和枕外嵴的突出程度及任何变异情况。
42%的头骨属于1型，51.5%属于2型，6.5%属于3型EOP。上项线和枕外嵴在2型和3型EOP中更为突出。在3型EOP病例中，直接在头骨上测量的棘突平均长度、宽度和厚度分别为16.63毫米、20.1毫米和7.82毫米，与X线片结果相同。CT检查显示平均体积为0.95立方厘米。在两个3型EOP病例中，尺寸值较大的棘突在CT中的体积值较小。
普通侧位X线摄影是测量棘突型EOP长度和厚度的可靠方法。然而，这些用于EOP棘突形态测量的参数值增加并不意味着EOP体积增大，反之亦然。关于枕骨棘突的发生及其形态的详细信息对神经外科医生、运动医学医生、急诊科医生和放射科医生非常重要。
