Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission-Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 22;18(3):e0282794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282794. eCollection 2023.
The toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia is distributed from equatorial to polar regions and is comprised of >57 species, some capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). In the Pacific Arctic Region spanning the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas, DA is recognized as an emerging human and ecosystem health threat, yet little is known about the composition and distribution of Pseudo-nitzschia species in these waters. This investigation characterized Pseudo-nitzschia assemblages in samples collected in 2018 during summer (August) and fall (October-November) surveys as part of the Distributed Biological Observatory and Arctic Observing Network, encompassing a broad geographic range (57.8° to 73.0°N, -138.9° to -169.9°W) and spanning temperature (-1.79 to 11.7°C) and salinity (22.9 to 32.9) gradients associated with distinct water masses. Species were identified using a genus-specific Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA). Seventeen amplicons were observed; seven corresponded to temperate, sub-polar, or polar Pseudo-nitzschia species based on parallel sequencing efforts (P. arctica, P. delicatissima, P. granii, P. obtusa, P. pungens, and two genotypes of P. seriata), and one represented Fragilariopsis oceanica. During summer, particulate DA (pDA; 4.0 to 130.0 ng L-1) was observed in the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea where P. obtusa was prevalent. In fall, pDA (3.3 to 111.8 ng L-1) occurred along the Beaufort Sea shelf coincident with one P. seriata genotype, and south of the Bering Strait in association with the other P. seriata genotype. Taxa were correlated with latitude, longitude, temperature, salinity, pDA, and/or chlorophyll a, and each had a distinct distribution pattern. The observation of DA in association with different species, seasons, geographic regions, and water masses underscores the significant risk of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) and DA-poisoning in Alaska waters.
有毒双鞭甲藻属(Pseudo-nitzschia)分布于赤道到极地地区,由>57 个物种组成,其中一些能够产生神经毒素软骨藻酸(DA)。在横跨白令海峡、楚科奇海和波弗特海的太平洋北极地区,DA 被认为是对人类和生态系统健康的新兴威胁,但人们对这些水域中双鞭甲藻属物种的组成和分布知之甚少。本研究在 2018 年夏季(8 月)和秋季(10 月至 11 月)调查期间,作为分布式生物观测站和北极观测网络的一部分,对采集的样本中的双鞭甲藻属进行了特征描述,涵盖了广泛的地理范围(57.8°至 73.0°N,-138.9°至-169.9°W),并跨越了与不同水团相关的温度(-1.79 至 11.7°C)和盐度(22.9 至 32.9)梯度。使用属特异性自动化核糖体基因间间隔区分析(ARISA)来识别物种。观察到 17 个扩增子;根据平行测序工作(P. arctica、P. delicatissima、P. granii、P. obtusa、P. pungens 和 P. seriata 的两种基因型),其中 7 种与温带、亚极地或极地双鞭甲藻属物种相对应,1 种代表了柔弱菱形藻(Fragilariopsis oceanica)。在夏季,白令海峡和楚科奇海观察到颗粒态 DA(pDA;4.0 至 130.0 ng L-1),其中 P. obtusa 占优势。在秋季,与 Beaufort 海大陆架同时出现的是 pDA(3.3 至 111.8 ng L-1),与一种 P. seriata 基因型相关,而在白令海峡以南,则与另一种 P. seriata 基因型相关。分类群与纬度、经度、温度、盐度、pDA 和/或叶绿素 a 相关,每种分类群都有独特的分布模式。DA 与不同物种、季节、地理区域和水团相关联,这突显了在阿拉斯加水域发生健忘性贝类中毒(ASP)和 DA 中毒的重大风险。