Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, MHH, Germany.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun;82:102303. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102303. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
γδ T cells support the immunological control of viral infections, in particular during cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in immunocompromised patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is unclear how γδ T cells sense CMV-infection and whether this involves specific T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand interaction. Here we summarize recent findings that revealed an adaptive-like anti-CMV immune response of γδ T cells, characterized by acquisition of effector functions and long-lasting clonal expansion. We propose that rather CMV-induced self-antigen than viral antigens trigger γδ TCRs during CMV reactivation. Given that the TCRs of CMV-activated γδ T cells are often cross-reactive to tumor cells, these findings pinpoint γδ T cells and their γδ TCRs as attractive multipurpose tools for antiviral and antitumor therapy.
γδ T 细胞支持病毒感染的免疫控制，特别是在同种异体造血干细胞移植后免疫功能低下患者的巨细胞病毒（CMV）再激活期间。γδ T 细胞如何感知 CMV 感染尚不清楚，是否涉及特定的 T 细胞受体（TCR）-配体相互作用。在这里，我们总结了最近的发现，这些发现揭示了 γδ T 细胞的适应性抗 CMV 免疫反应，其特征是获得效应功能和长期克隆扩增。我们提出，在 CMV 再激活期间，触发 γδ TCR 的是 CMV 诱导的自身抗原，而不是病毒抗原。鉴于 CMV 激活的 γδ T 细胞的 TCR 通常与肿瘤细胞发生交叉反应，这些发现将 γδ T 细胞及其 γδ TCR 确定为抗病毒和抗肿瘤治疗的有吸引力的多用途工具。
