Lin Bochao Danae, Vermeulen Jentien M, Bolhuis K, Chang Xiao, Schirmbeck Frederike, van Eijk Kristel R, Guloksuz Sinan, Blankers Matthijs, van den Brink W, de Haan Lieuwe, Luykx Jurjen J
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychiatry Res. 2023 May;323:115143. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115143. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
It is unknown how smoking behavior polygenic scores (PRS) relate to psychosis and psychotic symptoms. To elucidate this, genotype and phenotype data were collected from patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings, and healthy controls in a six-year follow-up prospective cohort study. Associations between smoking behaviors, PRS and schizophrenia symptoms were explored using linear mixed-effect models. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day were 18 for patients, 13 for siblings and 12 for controls. In the overall sample, PRSs-smoking initiation (i.e., ever smoking as a binary phenotype, PRS-SI) were positively associated with positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and depressive symptoms, whereas PRSs-AI (age at regular smoking initiation) were negatively associated with all symptom dimensions, with similar effect sizes. When considering groups separately, PRS were only associated with psychotic symptoms in siblings and controls. In conclusion, unaffected siblings show smoking behaviors at an intermediate level between patients and healthy controls. Additionally, PRS-SI and PRS-AI are associated with all symptom dimensions only in unaffected siblings and healthy controls, possibly owing to the dominant role of other (genetic) risk factors in patients. Future studies may examine mechanisms via which genetic risk for smoking affects mental health symptoms.
吸烟行为多基因评分（PRS）与精神病及精神病性症状之间的关系尚不清楚。为了阐明这一点，在一项为期六年的前瞻性队列研究中，收集了精神分裂症患者、其未患病的兄弟姐妹以及健康对照者的基因型和表型数据。使用线性混合效应模型探讨了吸烟行为、PRS与精神分裂症症状之间的关联。患者每天吸烟的平均数量为18支，兄弟姐妹为13支，对照者为12支。在总体样本中，吸烟起始PRS（即曾经吸烟作为二元表型，PRS-SI）与阳性症状、阴性症状和抑郁症状呈正相关，而规律吸烟起始年龄PRS（PRS-AI）与所有症状维度呈负相关，效应大小相似。当分别考虑各个组时，PRS仅与兄弟姐妹和对照者的精神病性症状相关。总之，未患病的兄弟姐妹的吸烟行为处于患者和健康对照者之间的中间水平。此外，PRS-SI和PRS-AI仅在未患病的兄弟姐妹和健康对照者中与所有症状维度相关，这可能是由于其他（遗传）风险因素在患者中起主导作用。未来的研究可以探讨吸烟的遗传风险影响心理健康症状的机制。
