Arana-Landín Germán, Laskurain-Iturbe Iker, Iturrate Mikel, Landeta-Manzano Beñat
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Faculty of Engineering (Gipuzkoa), Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Faculty of Engineering (Bilbao), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 18;9(3):e13720. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13720. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The aim of this article is to know the impact that the different Industry 4.0 technologies have on occupational health and safety risks, with special attention to the new emerging risks generated. To achieve this objective, an analysis of the literature was carried out. It allowed us to design a survey that was answered by 130 managers and/or technicians of pioneering companies in the development of Industry 4.0 technologies. Next, 32 of these projects were selected and a multiple case study was conducted through 37 in-depth interviews. Moreover, other source of information were analysed (project reports, technical reports, websites..). The findings highlight that the analysed technologies (Additive Manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Vision, Big Data and/or Advanced Analytics, Cybersecurity, Internet of Things, Robotics and Virtual and Augmented Reality) help to reduce occupational health and safety risks (physical and mechanical). However, its impact depends on the type of technology and the method of application. Influences in new emerging risks (mainly psychosocial and mechanical) have been detected in all technologies except in Internet of Things. In addition, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence, machine vision, the internet of things, robotics and virtual and augmented reality help to reduce ergonomic risks and artificial intelligence, big data and cybersecurity psychosocial risks. The results obtained have implications for policy makers, managers, consultants and those in charge of managing occupational health and safety risks in industrial companies.
本文旨在了解不同的工业4.0技术对职业健康与安全风险的影响，特别关注所产生的新出现的风险。为实现这一目标，我们对文献进行了分析。这使我们能够设计一项调查，由130名工业4.0技术开发领域的先锋企业的经理和/或技术人员作答。接下来，从这些项目中选取了32个，并通过37次深入访谈进行了多案例研究。此外，还分析了其他信息来源（项目报告、技术报告、网站等）。研究结果突出表明，所分析的技术（增材制造、人工智能,人工视觉、大数据和/或高级分析、网络安全、物联网、机器人技术以及虚拟现实和增强现实）有助于降低职业健康与安全风险（物理和机械方面）。然而，其影响取决于技术类型和应用方法。除物联网外，在所有技术中均检测到对新出现风险（主要是社会心理和机械方面）的影响。此外，增材制造、人工智能、机器视觉、物联网、机器人技术以及虚拟现实和增强现实有助于降低人机工程学风险，而人工智能、大数据和网络安全有助于降低社会心理风险。所得结果对政策制定者、经理、顾问以及负责管理工业企业职业健康与安全风险的人员具有启示意义。
