Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, Sao Paulo, SP CEP 04017-030, Brazil.
Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241, Sao Paulo, SP CEP 04017-030, Brazil.
Schizophr Res. 2023 May;255:33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.003. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Psychotic experiences are common in adults, adolescents, and children. While usually self-limited, they can indicate psychosis proneness when persistent. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) measures lifetime psychotic experiences in three dimensions. The 20-item subscale addressing positive symptoms (CAPE-positive) is the most widely used. No study investigated its measurement invariance across timepoints during childhood and adolescence. This step is required to conduct reliable comparisons in longitudinal studies with different age groups.
We used data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort, which enrolled 2511 individuals aged 6-12 years from public schools for the baseline evaluation. A 3-year follow-up assessment evaluated 1880 participants. Subjects were rated with the CAPE-positive and we performed, at each wave, a Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis testing Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis models identified in a previous systematic review, to assess longitudinal invariance.
A three-factor solution was the best fitting model, comprising Persecutory Ideation, Bizarre Experiences and Perceptual Abnormalities. The longitudinal invariance analysis of the best-fit model was unsatisfactory, achieving only the metric level of invariance.
Our findings suggest that the CAPE-positive scale has good model fit indices for each evaluated time point individually (children and adolescents), but it is not invariant over time. Identifying which factors affect CAPE latent structure at different time points can improve our understanding of psychosis proneness and how to measure it.
精神病体验在成年人、青少年和儿童中很常见。虽然通常是自限性的，但当持续存在时，它们可能表明有精神病倾向。心理体验社区评估 (CAPE) 从三个维度衡量一生中的精神病体验。针对阳性症状的 20 项分量表（CAPE-阳性）是使用最广泛的。没有研究调查其在儿童和青少年时期不同时间点的测量不变性。这是在具有不同年龄组的纵向研究中进行可靠比较所必需的。
我们使用了巴西高危队列的数据，该队列招募了来自公立学校的 2511 名 6-12 岁的个体进行基线评估。3 年的随访评估评估了 1880 名参与者。受试者接受了 CAPE-阳性评估，我们在每个时间点进行了多群组验证性因素分析，以评估之前系统评价中确定的探索性和验证性因素分析模型，以评估纵向不变性。
三因素解决方案是最佳拟合模型，包括迫害观念、奇异体验和感知异常。最佳拟合模型的纵向不变性分析结果并不理想，仅达到了度量水平的不变性。
我们的研究结果表明，CAPE-阳性量表在每个评估时间点（儿童和青少年）上都具有良好的模型拟合指数，但在时间上并不具有不变性。确定哪些因素会影响不同时间点的 CAPE 潜在结构，可以提高我们对精神病倾向的理解以及如何测量它。
