West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 May;33(5):987-997. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.023. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
In the less developed multi-ethnic regions (LEMRs) of Southwest China, the associations between dietary patterns and blood pressure (BP) values remain unclear. We aimed to investigate such associations and related effect modifiers.
This study included 81,433 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Dietary intakes during the year before the interview were measured with the Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Three major dietary patterns that were highly in line with geographical and ethnic distributions of the study population, i.e., "Sichuan Basin," "Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau," and "Qinghai-Tibet Plateau," were derived using principal component factor analysis. The multilinear regression model combined with inverse probability of exposure weighting was used to estimate the associations between dietary patterns and BP values. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the Sichuan Basin dietary pattern (characterized by urban lifestyles) was associated with 2.67 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (95% CI: -3.07 to -2.27) and 0.89 mmHg lower diastolic blood pressure (95% CI: -1.12 to -0.65). In contrast, both the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (characterized by agricultural lifestyles) and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau dietary patterns (characterized by nomadic lifestyles) showed positive associations with BP. In the stratified analysis, the associations between dietary patterns and SBP were significantly stronger in women than in men for all three kinds of dietary patterns.
Both major dietary patterns and their associations with BP showed a substantial disparity in LEMRs of Southwest China. Dietary patterns in regions of higher socioeconomic status are more conducive to reducing the rising of BP, especially for women and urban residents, which might provide insights into the BP control in LEMRs of Southwest China.
在中国西南欠发达多民族地区（LEMRs），饮食模式与血压（BP）值之间的关联仍不清楚。我们旨在研究这些关联及其相关的调节因素。
本研究纳入了来自中国多民族队列研究的 81433 名参与者。在访谈前一年，通过定量食物频率问卷来测量饮食摄入情况。使用主成分因子分析得出了三个与研究人群的地理和民族分布高度一致的主要饮食模式，即“四川盆地”、“云贵高原”和“青藏高原”。使用多元线性回归模型结合逆概率暴露加权来估计饮食模式与 BP 值之间的关联。与最低五分位数相比，“四川盆地”饮食模式（以城市生活方式为特征）与收缩压（SBP）降低 2.67mmHg（95%CI：-3.07 至-2.27）和舒张压（DBP）降低 0.89mmHg（95%CI：-1.12 至-0.65）相关。相比之下，“云贵高原”和“青藏高原”饮食模式（分别以农业生活方式和游牧生活方式为特征）均与 BP 呈正相关。在分层分析中，对于所有三种饮食模式，饮食模式与 SBP 之间的关联在女性中明显强于男性。
在西南欠发达多民族地区，主要饮食模式及其与 BP 的关联存在显著差异。来自社会经济地位较高地区的饮食模式更有利于降低 BP 的上升，尤其是对于女性和城市居民，这可能为西南欠发达多民族地区的 BP 控制提供了新的思路。
