Sanchez Linda E
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Front Sociol. 2023 Mar 3;8:1082177. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1082177. eCollection 2023.
This article focuses on Mexican individuals who grew up in the U.S. (1.5 generation) without documents and were not able to benefit from Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) or who were unable to renew their DACA. A 2012 Executive Action by former president Obama, DACA gave some undocumented youth relief from deportation and a 2-year renewable work permit provided they met certain criteria. Undocumented individuals DACA failed to reach have generally been overlooked in immigration research in favor of examining how DACA recipients' lives have been transformed by DACA. This project helps fill this gap by examining life outside of DACA, and how the program acted as an internal U.S. border of exclusion for many. This research also aids in understanding the impacts of changing government policies on vulnerable populations, especially those who are in some respects made even more vulnerable by their faith in the government, fear of the government, or are actively excluded from government programs. This investigation is part of a study that compares 20 DACA beneficiaries to 20 individuals without DACA. Through ethnographic methodologies and one-on-one interviews, this article examines the 20 research participants who fall outside DACA. It investigates why people who qualified for DACA did not apply, barriers to applying/renewing, and how members of the 1.5 generation were excluded from the program by restrictions such as date of arrival requirements. The article discusses what it means for research participants to live outside of DACA, and how they see their lives because they do not have DACA while others do. For example, what does it mean to age out of qualifying for DACA? What actions did individuals then take regarding their lack of legal status?
本文聚焦于那些在美国长大（1.5代）却没有文件、无法受益于童年抵美者暂缓遣返（DACA）或无法续签DACA的墨西哥人。2012年，前总统奥巴马采取行政行动，DACA为一些符合特定标准的无证青年提供了免遭驱逐的救济以及为期两年的可续签工作许可。未被DACA覆盖的无证个人在移民研究中通常被忽视，研究更倾向于考察DACA受益者的生活如何因DACA而改变。该项目通过研究DACA之外的生活，以及该计划如何成为许多人在美国国内的一道排斥边界，填补了这一空白。这项研究还有助于理解政府政策变化对弱势群体的影响，尤其是那些因对政府的信任、对政府的恐惧，或被政府项目主动排斥而在某些方面变得更加脆弱的群体。这项调查是一项将20名DACA受益者与20名无DACA者进行对比的研究的一部分。通过人种志方法和一对一访谈，本文考察了不属于DACA范围的20名研究参与者。它调查了有资格申请DACA的人不申请的原因、申请/续签的障碍，以及1.5代成员如何因抵达日期要求等限制而被排除在该计划之外。文章讨论了对于研究参与者来说生活在DACA之外意味着什么，以及他们如何看待自己的生活，因为他们没有DACA而其他人有。例如，超过DACA资格年龄意味着什么？个人随后针对自己缺乏合法身份采取了什么行动？
