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吲哚啉 CD4 模拟化合物介导有效的广谱 HIV-1 抑制作用,并增强抗体依赖的细胞细胞毒性。

Indoline CD4-mimetic compounds mediate potent and broad HIV-1 inhibition and sensitization to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Mar 28;120(13):e2222073120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2222073120. Epub 2023 Mar 24.

Abstract

Binding to the host cell receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, triggers large-scale conformational changes in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)] that promote virus entry into the cell. CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mcs) comprise small organic molecules that bind in the highly conserved CD4-binding site of gp120 and prematurely induce inactivating Env conformational changes, including shedding of gp120 from the Env trimer. By inducing more "open," antibody-susceptible Env conformations, CD4mcs also sensitize HIV-1 virions to neutralization by antibodies and infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel CD4mcs based on an indoline scaffold. Compared with our current lead indane scaffold CD4mc, BNM-III-170, several indoline CD4mcs exhibit increased potency and breadth against HIV-1 variants from different geographic clades. Viruses that were selected for resistance to the lead indane CD4mc, BNM-III-170, are susceptible to inhibition by the indoline CD4mcs. The indoline CD4mcs also potently sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by plasma from HIV-1-infected individuals. Crystal structures indicate that the indoline CD4mcs gain potency compared to the indane CD4mcs through more favorable π-π overlap from the indoline pose and by making favorable contacts with the vestibule of the CD4-binding pocket on gp120. The rational design of indoline CD4mcs thus holds promise for further improvements in antiviral activity, potentially contributing to efforts to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection.

摘要

与宿主细胞受体 CD4 和 CCR5/CXCR4 结合,会触发 HIV-1 包膜糖蛋白 (Env) 三聚体 [(gp120/gp41)] 的大规模构象变化,从而促进病毒进入细胞。CD4 模拟化合物 (CD4mcs) 是一类小分子有机化合物,它们结合在 gp120 的高度保守的 CD4 结合位点上,并提前诱导失活的 Env 构象变化,包括 gp120 从 Env 三聚体上的脱落。通过诱导更多“开放”、可被抗体识别的 Env 构象,CD4mcs 还使 HIV-1 病毒颗粒对抗体中和以及受感染细胞对抗体依赖的细胞细胞毒性 (ADCC) 敏感。在这里,我们报告了基于吲哚啉支架的新型 CD4mcs 的设计、合成和评估。与我们目前的领先的茚烷支架 CD4mc,BNM-III-170 相比,几种吲哚啉 CD4mcs 对来自不同地理谱系的 HIV-1 变体表现出更高的效力和广谱性。对先导茚烷 CD4mc,BNM-III-170 选择耐药的病毒对吲哚啉 CD4mcs 的抑制敏感。吲哚啉 CD4mcs 还能有效地使 HIV-1 感染的细胞对来自 HIV-1 感染个体的血浆介导的 ADCC 敏感。晶体结构表明,与茚烷 CD4mcs 相比,吲哚啉 CD4mcs 通过吲哚啉构象更有利的 π-π 重叠以及与 gp120 的 CD4 结合口袋前庭形成有利接触而获得效力。因此,吲哚啉 CD4mcs 的合理设计有望进一步提高抗病毒活性,为治疗和预防 HIV-1 感染的努力做出贡献。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bebe/10068826/4012b753d93c/pnas.2222073120fig01.jpg

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