School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
School of Medical, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
J Nutr. 2023 Nov;153(11):3164-3172. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.023. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) has been demonstrated to be an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (EPT) characterized by a nonselenoenzymatic domain and to be involved in the main synthetic branch of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, defects of SELENOI may affect the health status through the multiple functions of PE. On the other hand, selenium (Se) is covalently incorporated into SELENOI as selenocysteine (Sec) in its peptide, which forms a Sec-centered domain as in the other members of the selenoprotein family. Unlike other selenoproteins, Sec-containing SELENOI was formed at a later stage of animal evolution, and the high conservation of the structural domain for PE synthesis across a wide range of species suggests the importance of EPT activity in supporting the survival and evolution of organisms. A variety of factors, such as species characteristics (age and sex), diet and nutrition (dietary Se and fat intakes), SELENOI-specific properties (tissue distribution and rank in the selenoproteome), etc., synergistically regulate the expression of SELENOI in a tentatively unclear interaction. The N- and C-terminal domains confer 2 distinct biochemical functions to SELENOI, namely PE regulation and antioxidant potential, which may allow it to be involved in numerous physiological processes, including neurological diseases (especially hereditary spastic paraplegia), T cell activation, tumorigenesis, and adipocyte differentiation. In this review, we summarize advances in the biology and roles of SELENOI, shedding light on the precise regulation of SELENOI expression and PE homeostasis by dietary Se intake and pharmaceutical or transgenic approaches to modulate the corresponding pathological status.
硒蛋白 I（SELENOI）已被证明是一种乙醇胺磷酸转移酶（EPT），其特征是非硒酶结构域，并参与内质网中磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的主要合成分支。因此，SELENOI 的缺陷可能会通过 PE 的多种功能影响健康状况。另一方面，硒（Se）以硒代半胱氨酸（Sec）的形式共价掺入 SELENOI 中，在其肽中形成以 Sec 为中心的结构域，就像其他硒蛋白家族成员一样。与其他硒蛋白不同，含 Sec 的 SELENOI 是在动物进化的后期形成的，而横跨广泛物种的 PE 合成的结构域的高度保守性表明 EPT 活性在支持生物的生存和进化方面的重要性。多种因素，如物种特征（年龄和性别）、饮食和营养（膳食 Se 和脂肪摄入）、SELENOI 特异性特性（组织分布和在硒蛋白组中的排名）等，以一种尚未明确的相互作用方式协同调节 SELENOI 的表达。N 端和 C 端结构域赋予 SELENOI 2 种不同的生化功能，即 PE 调节和抗氧化潜能，这可能使其参与许多生理过程，包括神经疾病（特别是遗传性痉挛性截瘫）、T 细胞激活、肿瘤发生和脂肪细胞分化。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 SELENOI 的生物学和作用的研究进展，阐明了膳食 Se 摄入和药物或转基因方法通过调节相应的病理状态来精确调节 SELENOI 表达和 PE 动态平衡的机制。
