State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617 Tianjin, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 May 31;238:124165. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124165. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three major malignant tumors in the world. The major treatments currently recommended for it are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, all of which are frequently accompanied by a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. To limit cell proliferation and metastasis, trigger cell apoptosis, and regulate tumor microenvironment (TME), researchers are focusing attention on investigating highly effective and non-toxic natural medicines. According to the research reported in 89 pieces of related literature, between 2018 and 2021, specialists extracted 48 different types of polysaccharides with CRC inhibitory actions from various plants, including Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo., Nostoc commune Vaucher, and Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. The novel founded mechanisms mainly include: inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by acting on IRS1/PI3K/Akt and IL-6/STAT3 pathways; inducing cancer cell apoptosis by acting on LncRNA HOTAIR/Akt mediated-intrinsic apoptosis, or regulating the TNF-α-mediated extrinsic apoptosis; inducing cancer cell autophagy by acting on endoplasmic reticulum stress or mTOR-TFEB pathway; inhibiting cancer cell metastasis by regulating Smad2/3 and TLR4/JNK pathways; regulating TME in CRC; and maintaining the intestinal barrier. This review will provide more novel research strategies and a solid literature basis for the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是世界三大恶性肿瘤之一。目前推荐的主要治疗方法是手术、放疗和化疗，但这些方法常伴有预后不良和高复发率。为了限制细胞增殖和转移、触发细胞凋亡以及调节肿瘤微环境（TME），研究人员专注于研究高效且无毒的天然药物。根据 2018 年至 2021 年 89 篇相关文献的研究报告，专家从包括铁皮石斛、普通念珠藻和灵芝在内的各种植物中提取了 48 种具有 CRC 抑制作用的不同类型多糖。新发现的机制主要包括：通过作用于 IRS1/PI3K/Akt 和 IL-6/STAT3 通路抑制癌细胞增殖；通过作用于 LncRNA HOTAIR/Akt 介导的内在凋亡，或调节 TNF-α 介导的外在凋亡，诱导癌细胞凋亡；通过作用于内质网应激或 mTOR-TFEB 通路诱导癌细胞自噬；通过调节 Smad2/3 和 TLR4/JNK 通路抑制癌细胞转移；调节 CRC 中的 TME；维持肠道屏障。本综述将为多糖在 CRC 治疗中的应用提供更多新的研究策略和坚实的文献基础。
