Khan Junad, Singer Steven R, Young Andrew, Tanaiutchawoot Naruthorn, Kalladka Mythili, Mupparapu Mel
Orofacial Pain and TMJD, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Sciences Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street | PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2023 Apr;67(2):259-280. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.10.001. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are an umbrella term including disorders of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of the masticatory system. They are the most common nonodontogenic cause of pain in the orofacial region. A clear understanding of various conditions, underlying mechanisms, clinical presentation, and examination skills is required to effectively diagnose and manage these patients.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMDs）是一个统称，包括颞下颌关节和咀嚼系统肌肉的紊乱。它们是口面部区域疼痛最常见的非牙源性病因。要有效地诊断和治疗这些患者，需要清楚了解各种病症、潜在机制、临床表现和检查技巧。
