Mosca Lucia Luciana, Continisio Grazia Isabella, De Lucia Natascia, Gigante Elena, Guerriera Carmela, Maldonato Nelson Mauro, Moretto Enrico, Ragozzino Ottavio, Rosa Veronica, Scognamiglio Chiara, Stanzione Roberta, Cantone Daniela
SiPGI - Postgraduate School of Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy, Torre Annunziata, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 8;14:1112287. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112287. eCollection 2023.
Personality's investigation has always been characterized as a central area of research for psychology, such that it was established in the 1920s as an autonomous scientific-disciplinary field. Identifying and observing the people's typical ways of "being in the world" has made possible to define the predictability of a pattern of behavioral responses related both to the possession of distinct characteristics of the agent subject and to specific environmental situations. In the actual scientific landscape, there is a strand of research that makes a description of personality through methodologies and indicators not usually used by psychology, but scientifically validated through standardized procedures. Such studies seem to be significantly increasing and reflect the emerging need to have to consider the human being in his or her complexity, whose existential and personal dimensions can no longer be traced to classification systems that are divorced from the epochal reference.
In this review, attention is focused on highlighting publications in the literature that have included the use of unconventional methods in the study of nonpathological personality, based on the Big Five theoretical reference model. To better understand human nature, an alternative based on evolutionary and interpersonal theory is presented.
Online databases were used to identify papers published 2011-2022, from which we selected 18 publications from different resources, selected according to criteria established in advance and described in the text. A flow chart and a summary table of the articles consulted have been created.
The selected studies were grouped according to the particular method of investigation or description of personality used. Four broad thematic categories were identified: bodily and behavioral element; semantic analysis of the self-descriptions provided; integrated-type theoretical background; and use of machine learning methods. All articles refer to trait theory as the prevailing epistemological background.
This review is presented as an initial attempt to survey the production in the literature with respect to the topic and its main purpose was to highlight how the use of observational models based on aspects previously considered as scientifically uninformative (body, linguistic expression, environment) with respect to personality analysis proves to be a valuable resource for drawing up more complete personality profiles that are able to capture more of the complexity of the person. What has emerged is a rapidly expanding field of study.
人格研究一直被视为心理学研究的核心领域，早在20世纪20年代它就已确立为一个独立的科学学科领域。识别和观察人们“在世界中存在”的典型方式，使得定义与主体拥有不同特征以及特定环境状况相关的行为反应模式的可预测性成为可能。在当前的科学领域中，有一系列研究通过心理学通常不使用的方法和指标来描述人格，但这些方法已通过标准化程序得到科学验证。这类研究似乎在显著增加，反映出一种新出现的需求，即必须从人的复杂性角度来考量人，其生存维度和个人维度再也不能简单地归结于脱离时代背景的分类系统。
在本综述中，重点是突出文献中那些基于大五理论参考模型，在非病理性人格研究中使用了非常规方法的出版物。为了更好地理解人性，还提出了一种基于进化和人际理论的替代方法。
利用在线数据库识别2011年至2022年发表的论文，从中我们根据预先设定并在文中描述的标准，从不同来源挑选了18篇出版物。创建了所查阅文章的流程图和汇总表。
所选研究根据用于人格调查或描述的特定方法进行分组。确定了四大主题类别：身体和行为要素；对所提供的自我描述的语义分析；综合型理论背景；以及机器学习方法的使用。所有文章都将特质理论作为主要的认识论背景。
本综述是对该主题文献成果进行考察的初步尝试，其主要目的是强调，对于人格分析而言，使用基于以往被认为缺乏科学信息的方面（身体、语言表达、环境）的观察模型，被证明是绘制更完整人格画像的宝贵资源，这些画像能够捕捉到人的更多复杂性。由此出现的是一个迅速扩展的研究领域。
