Sitsanidis Efstratios D, Dutra Lara A L, Schirmer Johanna, Chevigny Romain, Lahtinen Manu, Johansson Andreas, Piras Carmen C, Smith David K, Tiirola Marja, Pettersson Mika, Nissinen Maija
Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
ACS Omega. 2023 Mar 8;8(11):10225-10234. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07700. eCollection 2023 Mar 21.
The -fluorenyl-9-methyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acids have shown high antimicrobial application potential, among which the phenylalanine derivative (Fmoc-F) is the most well-known representative. However, the activity spectrum of Fmoc-F is restricted to Gram-positive bacteria only. The demand for efficient antimicrobial materials expanded research into graphene and its derivatives, although the reported results are somewhat controversial. Herein, we combined graphene oxide (GO) flakes with Fmoc-F amino acid to form Fmoc-F/GO hybrid hydrogel for the first time. We studied the synergistic effect of each component on gelation and assessed the material's bactericidal activity on Gram-negative (). GO flakes do not affect Fmoc-F self-assembly per se but modulate the elasticity of the gel and speed up its formation. The hybrid hydrogel affects survival, initially causing abrupt bacterial death followed by the recovery of the surviving ones due to the inoculum effect (IE). The combination of graphene with amino acids is a step forward in developing antimicrobial gels due to their easy preparation, chemical modification, graphene functionalization, cost-effectiveness, and physicochemical/biological synergy of each component.
芴甲氧羰基（Fmoc）保护的氨基酸已显示出很高的抗菌应用潜力，其中苯丙氨酸衍生物（Fmoc-F）是最著名的代表。然而，Fmoc-F的活性谱仅局限于革兰氏阳性菌。尽管报道的结果存在一定争议，但对高效抗菌材料的需求推动了对石墨烯及其衍生物的研究。在此，我们首次将氧化石墨烯（GO）片与Fmoc-F氨基酸结合，形成了Fmoc-F/GO杂化水凝胶。我们研究了各组分对凝胶化的协同作用，并评估了该材料对革兰氏阴性菌的杀菌活性。GO片本身并不影响Fmoc-F的自组装，但会调节凝胶的弹性并加速其形成。杂化水凝胶影响细菌存活，最初导致细菌突然死亡，随后由于接种效应（IE），存活细菌会恢复生长。石墨烯与氨基酸的结合在开发抗菌凝胶方面向前迈进了一步，这是因为它们易于制备、可进行化学修饰、石墨烯功能化、具有成本效益，且各组分具有物理化学/生物学协同作用。
