Corbi-Aguirre Fernando, Forriol Francisco
Cirurgia Ortopédica e Traumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Espanha.
Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2023 Mar 24;58(1):85-91. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1750073. eCollection 2023 Feb.
To analyze the dimensions of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the presence of meniscus-femoral ligaments MFLs in human knees, and the correlation with the dimensions of the knee skeleton. Anatomical study on 29 specimens of human knees in which we measured the length and width of the cruciate and meniscus-femoral ligaments and the dimensions of femoral and tibia condyles and the femoral notch. The ACL length was calculated with different degrees of knee flexion. The relationship between the ligaments and bone dimensions were analyzed. The length of the ACL and the PCL were similar. Posterior MFL was more frequent and longer than the anterior MFL. We found the posterior MFL in the 72.41% of the knees and anterior MFL in 20.69%. The ACL presented 30% of its maximum length up to 60°, approximately half of its length between 90° and 120°, reaching its maximum length at 170°. We found a strong correlation between the length of the ACL and that of the PCL ( = 0.001). However, the lengths of the ACL and PCL were not related with the bone dimensions. We have found no correlations between the cruciate and MFLs and the anatomical dimensions of the intercondylar notch and the proximal tibia and distal femur. The presence of the posterior MFL was more frequent and longer than that of the anterior ligament.
分析人类膝关节后交叉韧带（PCL）、前交叉韧带（ACL）的尺寸，半月板股骨韧带（MFLs）的存在情况，以及与膝关节骨骼尺寸的相关性。
对29例人类膝关节标本进行解剖学研究，测量交叉韧带和半月板股骨韧带的长度和宽度，以及股骨和胫骨髁的尺寸和股骨切迹。计算不同膝关节屈曲度下ACL的长度。分析韧带与骨骼尺寸之间的关系。
ACL和PCL的长度相似。后MFL比前MFL更常见且更长。我们在72.41%的膝关节中发现了后MFL，在20.69%的膝关节中发现了前MFL。ACL在60°时呈现其最大长度的30%，在90°至120°之间约为其长度的一半，在170°时达到最大长度。我们发现ACL和PCL的长度之间存在很强的相关性（P = 0.001）。然而，ACL和PCL的长度与骨骼尺寸无关。
我们发现交叉韧带和MFLs与髁间切迹、胫骨近端和股骨远端的解剖尺寸之间没有相关性。后MFL的存在比前韧带更频繁且更长。
